Check Basement Fire Safety: Tenants in Germany

As a tenant in Germany you should regularly check the fire safety in your high-rise building's basement, because improper storage, faulty doors or blocked escape routes pose a significant risk to safety and property. This guide explains in plain language what obligations landlords have, what actions you as a tenant can take, how to report defects in writing and which deadlines apply. It describes practical steps for documenting defects, contacting the landlord and legal options if issues are not remedied. The advice refers to applicable German tenancy law and shows where to find official forms and court contacts. At the end you will find a step-by-step guide and frequently asked questions.

What tenants need to know

Landlords are generally obliged to maintain the building's fire protection and to remedy defects. As a tenant you have the right to safe escape routes, functioning fire doors and proper storage of flammable materials. If in doubt, obligations and claims can be derived from the BGB.^[1] If defects are not remedied, legal action may be necessary; jurisdiction and procedural rules follow the ZPO.^[2]

Check: Basement checklist

• Escape routes are clear, well lit and not obstructed by stored items.
• Fire doors close automatically and are not blocked.
• No improper storage of flammable liquids or gas cylinders.
• Smoke detectors, hydrants or extinguishers are not covered and appear intact.
• Electrical installations look tidy without provisional cables or exposed wiring.

How to report defects in writing

Write a short, factual defect notice to the landlord with a description, photos and a demand for remedy within a reasonable deadline. Give a deadline of e.g. 14 days if there is no immediate danger, and request written confirmation. Refer to the landlord's maintenance duty under the BGB and, if necessary, request short-term protective measures. Official forms and sample letters are available from the competent ministries.^[3]

FAQ

Who is responsible for fire protection measures in the basement?

Primarily the landlord is responsible for maintenance and the building's fire protection; tenants must, however, point out hazards.

May the landlord use or rent cellar compartments arbitrarily?

No, use must comply with fire protection regulations; improper storage may be prohibited.

What can I do if the landlord does not respond?

Document defects, set a deadline for remedy and consider legal steps if inaction continues, e.g. file at the local court or seek rent reduction after advice.

How-To

1. Inspect the basement using the checklist and take photos of each defect.
2. Send a formal defect notice to the landlord with a deadline for remedy.
3. Keep copies of all messages, photos and responses.
4. Seek legal advice or contact the competent local court if there is no response.
5. Use official forms and templates to document deadlines and demands clearly.

Help and Support

• BGB — Statute text and provisions
• ZPO — Procedural rules for court actions
• BMJ — Forms and sample letters

1. [1] BGB §§535–580a — Gesetze im Internet
2. [2] ZPO — Gesetze im Internet
3. [3] BMJ Forms — Federal Ministry of Justice