CO Alarms: Avoid Mistakes for Tenants in Germany

As a tenant in Germany, it is important to avoid mistakes with CO detectors because carbon monoxide is life-threatening and liability issues can arise. This guide explains in plain language which obligations landlords and tenants have, how to choose a suitable device, install it correctly and test it regularly. You will receive clear action steps for reporting defects, documenting maintenance and how to act in case of alarms. The tips help reduce fines, disputes or health risks. At the end you will find a practical checklist, official forms and guidance on how to initiate legal steps at the local court or seek support if necessary.

Responsibilities and legal basis

The provisions of tenancy law in the BGB generally govern the duty to maintain and ensure the rented premises, in particular §§ 535–580a BGB.^[1] In practice this means: the landlord is usually responsible for providing and ensuring the functionality of safety-related installations, but tenants should report defects immediately and preserve evidence. For court proceedings, the rules of the Code of Civil Procedure (ZPO) must be observed.^[2] In most cases, the local courts (Amtsgerichte) are responsible for tenancy disputes; they also handle eviction and rent reduction cases.^[3]

Common mistakes

• No written defect notice: Many tenants report defects only verbally and lose proof.
• Choosing wrong or unsuitable devices: Cheap devices do not always meet standards.
• Neglecting batteries or device checks: Expiry dates and tests are not documented.
• Ignoring alarms or not responding correctly: This increases health risks and insurance issues.
• Attempting repairs without consulting the landlord: This can raise liability questions.

Checklist for tenants

• Check whether a CO detector is present and mounted according to the manufacturer's instructions.
• Perform regular function tests and record the date and result.
• Report defects in writing by e-mail with photos to the landlord and set a deadline (e.g. 14 days).
• Keep all receipts, e-mails and photos as proof.
• In an emergency: leave the apartment and alert emergency services.

How-To

1. On alarm: stay calm, open windows and doors, leave the apartment and call 112.
2. Note the time and exact circumstances of the alarm (date, time, duration).
3. Photograph the device, the installation and any damage; save all messages to the landlord.
4. Send a written defect notice with a deadline (e.g. 14 days) by e-mail or registered mail.
5. If there is no response: consider legal advice and possibly filing a lawsuit at the competent local court.

FAQ

Who is responsible for CO detectors?

Generally, the landlord must ensure basic equipment and safe functioning; the tenant must report defects and carry out simple maintenance steps.

Can I reduce my rent because of a defective CO detector?

A rent reduction is possible if the habitability of the dwelling is impaired and the landlord does not remedy the defect in time. Documentation is decisive.

What should I do in case of an alarm?

Leave the apartment immediately, call 112, notify the landlord and document the incident with photos and messages.

Help and Support / Resources

• [1] §§ 535–580a BGB - Civil Code (Tenancy law)
• [2] ZPO - Code of Civil Procedure
• [3] Federal Court of Justice (BGH) - Decisions and information

1. [1] §§ 535–580a BGB - Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch (Mietrecht)
2. [2] ZPO - Zivilprozessordnung
3. [3] Bundesgerichtshof - Zuständigkeiten und Entscheidungen