Check & Install CO Alarms for Tenants in Germany
As a tenant in Germany, you should know how CO alarms work and what duties landlords have. This guide explains step by step how to check CO alarms, report faults and assert your rights under tenancy law if protection is lacking. We describe simple tests, safe installation locations, required deadlines and which official forms or evidence you can use. You will also read when a rent reduction is possible and how to draft a letter to your landlord. The language is practical so that you as a tenant can act quickly, avoid dangers and present clear evidence in disputes. If necessary, we also show which courts and authorities are responsible in Germany and how to find official forms.
CO alarms: duties and legal basis
CO (carbon monoxide) is produced by incomplete combustion and can be life-threatening. In the tenancy relationship, the Civil Code (BGB) regulates the maintenance and duty to secure safety of the landlord. Specifically, obligations to ensure usability and safety are part of the landlord's duties under the tenancy contract and relevant provisions.[1]
Checking and testing CO alarms
Regular checks are simple and protect lives. Test alarms monthly and document date and result.
- Perform a monthly function test using the test button and note the time.
- Save photos or short notes as evidence (date, device type, battery level).
- Replace batteries according to the manufacturer or replace the alarm if malfunctions occur.
Installation: location and safety
The correct location increases detection safety. CO alarms are usually recommended for bedrooms and hallways outside sleeping areas; check the device manual for exact recommendations.
- Place alarms in bedrooms and central routes, not directly next to stoves or in damp rooms.
- Observe mounting height and method according to the manufacturer; fixed installation may be the landlord's responsibility.
- Ensure CE marking and test seals on new devices.
If the landlord does not act
If the landlord does not carry out necessary measures, document the defect in writing and set a reasonable deadline for remedy. In many cases the local court (Amtsgericht) is responsible for tenancy disputes.[2] For legal proceedings, the rules of the Code of Civil Procedure (ZPO) must be observed.[3]
- Send a written defect notice to the landlord and provide proof of receipt.
- Set a deadline (e.g. 14 days) and indicate further actions.
- Consider rent reduction if inactivity persists and document thoroughly.
- If necessary, consider filing a claim at the competent local court.
Forms and templates
Useful documents include the written defect notice and, if necessary, a template letter for rent reduction or deadline setting. Some claims require a court complaint form; concrete templates and guidance can be found on official justice websites.[4]
Frequently Asked Questions
- Who must install CO alarms?
- In many tenancies, the landlord is responsible for providing and ensuring the functionality; check your lease and the legal obligations under the BGB.[1]
- How often should I test the alarm?
- Perform at least a monthly test and document the result to have evidence in case of dispute.
- What can I do if the landlord does not respond?
- Send a written defect notice, set a deadline and consider rent reduction or legal action at the local court; observe the ZPO rules.
How-To
- Test the CO alarm immediately and note the date and result.
- Write a formal defect notice to the landlord and request remediation.
- Set a reasonable deadline (e.g. 14 days) and announce further steps.
- If there is no response, consider initiating proceedings at the local court.
Key takeaways
- Monthly tests and documentation protect your rights as a tenant.
- Correct placement and certified devices greatly improve safety.
Help and support
- Civil Code (BGB) §535 ff. – Text of the law
- Federal Ministry of Justice – Information and services
- Federal Court of Justice (BGH) – Case law
