Collecting Comparable Flats 2025: Tenants in Germany

As a tenant in Germany you often need reliable comparable flats to document rent issues, increases or rent reductions. This guide explains step by step which documents help, how to select comparable flats, which photos and documents count as evidence and when the local court or tenant protection organizations become relevant. I describe practical methods for data collection, deadlines and official forms as well as examples of how to use evidence in an objection or lawsuit. The aim is that you better understand your rights in tenancy law and are prepared in case of dispute, for example with rent control or unjustified increases. I also name official forms such as the template for termination letters from the Federal Ministry of Justice (BMJ)^[2] and show how to keep records organized. That way you are prepared to meet deadlines or present evidence at the local court.

What are comparable flats?

Comparable flats are similar rental units used as a benchmark for rent, fittings and condition. They help assess reasonable rents and rent increases. The legal basis for tenancy law can be found in the German Civil Code (BGB) §§ 535–580a.^[1]

Which documents should you collect?

• Tenancy agreement (rent) – current contract page and amendments.
• Photos of rooms (evidence) – mark date and location on photos.
• Correspondence and rent increase letters (notice) – keep secure copies.
• Payment receipts and bank statements (payment) – proof of rent and deposit payments.
• Heating and repair records (heating) – invoices, appointments and defect reports.

How to document comparable flats?

Choose comparable flats by location, size, fittings and year of construction and note differences clearly. Compare rent amounts, utilities and condition; create a short table with photo references and source notes. If you use templates or forms, follow official samples (for example from the BMJ).^[2]

For formal steps, objections or lawsuits, submit the collected documents to the competent local court, which is the first instance in most tenancy disputes.^[3]

FAQ

When do comparable flats help?

When you need to demonstrate rent fairness, a rent increase or the condition of the flat, comparable flats serve as a reference.

Which documents are most useful?

Tenancy agreement, dated photos, payment receipts and correspondence are especially helpful.

Where do I go in case of dispute?

Initially the local court (Amtsgericht) is competent; higher instances are the regional court (Landgericht) and possibly the Federal Court of Justice (BGH).

How-To

1. Collect all relevant documents and photos (evidence) for your flat and the comparable flats.
2. Organize the documents chronologically and create a brief summary with source references (notice).
3. Document rent payments and utility charges with bank statements and invoices (payment).
4. If necessary, submit the organized evidence to the local court or use it in negotiations with the landlord (court).

Key Takeaways

• Keep photos and documents organized and dated.
• Observe deadlines for objections and legal actions.
• Use official templates and sample letters for formal steps.

Help and Support

• Gesetze im Internet: BGB
• Federal Ministry of Justice (BMJ)
• Justice Portal: Court information

1. [1] BGB §§ 535–580a — Gesetze im Internet
2. [2] Templates and forms — Federal Ministry of Justice
3. [3] Competent courts — Justice Portal