Comparison Apartments for Tenants in Germany

As a first-time renter in Germany, it is important to use comparison apartments strategically to find fair rental terms and avoid unpleasant surprises. This guide explains how to compare listings, which documents and forms (e.g., defect notices) are relevant, which deadlines apply and when court action may become necessary. The tips help you during viewings, when documenting defects and when negotiating with the landlord. Practical steps, official authorities and sample forms are listed so you can make decisions with greater confidence. The goal is that, as a tenant in Germany, you know your rights, spot problems early and negotiate better — without legal expertise. Read on for concrete checklists, deadlines and contact points.

How to search for and use comparison apartments effectively

Comparison apartments are real or documented reference units that let you assess rent, condition and additional costs. Collect several offers early, note rent, size, additional costs and deposit, and ask about recent modernizations or known defects. Record all information in writing and compare total costs per square meter.

Pre-decision checklist

• Record rent and compare total monthly burden.
• Take photos of the condition and request the handover protocol.
• Schedule viewings and ask neighbours about the building.
• Check notice periods and termination rules in the lease.

If you discover defects, notify the landlord in writing and set a deadline for remedy. Describe the defect specifically, document with photos and note how long the defect has existed. A written defect notice is the basis for later claims such as rent reduction or damages; refer if necessary to the landlord's duties under § 535 BGB^[1].

Negotiating as a first-time renter

Use comparison apartments to speak factually about rent or small repairs. Present evidence (e.g., comparable offers, photos) and propose concrete solutions, such as a temporary rent reduction until repairs are completed or a time-limited agreement. Keep negotiations polite and record any agreements in writing.

If negotiations fail: Legal steps

If negotiations do not succeed, legal steps may be necessary. The local court (Amtsgericht) is usually competent in the first instance; higher courts are the Landgericht and, for precedent, the Federal Court of Justice (BGH). Proceedings for eviction or enforcement of claims are governed by the Code of Civil Procedure (ZPO)^[2]. In many cases, an initial legal consultation is advisable, especially before deadlines expire.

FAQ

What is a comparison apartment and why is it important for first-time renters?

A comparison apartment serves as a reference for rent, condition and additional costs; it helps first-time renters form realistic expectations and gather arguments for negotiations.

Which documents should I collect?

Collect rental offers, photos, handover protocols, utility bills and correspondence with the landlord; these documents support rent reduction claims or defect claims.

When is it appropriate to file an eviction lawsuit or go to court?

If the landlord ignores deadlines or a termination seems unjustified, a court may be involved; rental disputes generally start at the local court and follow the rules of the ZPO.

How-To

1. Collect: Note at least three comparison apartments with price, size and additional costs.
2. Document: Take photos, request handover protocols and save all messages.
3. Assess: Compare rents per square metre and check modernization surcharges.
4. Negotiate: Present evidence and propose concrete compromises.
5. Protect: If necessary, submit a written defect notice and seek legal advice before deadlines expire.

Help and Support / Resources

• Forms and samples: Federal Ministry of Justice
• Laws online: Gesetze im Internet (BGB, ZPO)
• Case law: Federal Court of Justice (BGH)

1. [1] Gesetze im Internet — BGB §535
2. [2] Gesetze im Internet — Zivilprozessordnung (ZPO)
3. [3] Bundesgerichtshof
4. [4] Bundesministerium der Justiz