Urgent Danger in Shared Flats - Tenant Rights Germany

As a tenant in a shared flat (WG) in Germany, you may wonder when a landlord can demand access without your consent. This guide explains in clear language what "Gefahr im Verzug" means, what rights you have as a tenant, how to balance privacy and access rights, and which steps to take in emergencies, repairs and deadline settings. We show practical actions, which official laws and courts are responsible and how to document damage, notify the landlord in writing and, if necessary, involve legal help or the local court.^[1]

What does "Gefahr im Verzug" mean in shared flats?

"Gefahr im Verzug" means that immediate action is necessary due to an acute situation, otherwise significant damage may occur. Typical examples are burst water pipes or fire hazards; here a landlord may take measures to avert damage. The legal basis can be found in the Civil Code (BGB) and case law.^[1]

When can a landlord request access?

• In cases of acute danger (e.g. burst pipe, fire) (danger) immediate access may be permitted.
• For urgent repairs to prevent major damage (repair) the landlord may act.
• For announced inspections or works after a reasonable notice period (notice) access may be allowed.
• For questions about privacy, key handover or access rules, roommates and the landlord should agree clear rules (entry).

What tenants should do

• Document damage immediately with photos, dates and witness statements (document).
• Notify the landlord in writing (email or letter) and set a clear repair deadline (notice).
• Record deadlines and appointments (e.g. 14 days) and keep proof of delivery.
• If the landlord does not respond, contact the local court or seek legal advice (court).^[2]

FAQ

Can the landlord enter a shared flat without consent?

In an acute emergency, yes; otherwise only with the tenants' consent or a court order. Your privacy is generally protected.^[1]

Can the landlord claim damages if I refuse access?

Only if your behavior demonstrably causes further damage. Do not refuse access in emergencies and document refusals in writing.

What deadlines apply for defect remediation and how do I set them?

Set a reasonable deadline (often 7–14 days for acute defects) in writing with a deadline date; further steps may follow thereafter.^[2]

How-To

1. Photograph and date the damage immediately and note witnesses (document).
2. Send a written defect notice to the landlord with description, date and a clear deadline (notice).
3. Wait for the set deadline and collect all responses and evidence (time).
4. If the landlord does not respond, contact the local court or legal advice; in urgent cases, court measures may be necessary (court).^[2]

Key Takeaways

• "Gefahr im Verzug" allows prompt action in emergencies but does not automatically permit all intrusions.
• Thorough documentation increases your legal security.
• Written defect notices with deadlines are a central step.

Help and Support / Resources

• BGB §535 ff. — Gesetze im Internet
• ZPO — Zivilprozessordnung
• Federal Court of Justice (BGH) — Decisions on tenancy law

1. [1] Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch (BGB) §§ 535–580a — Gesetze im Internet
2. [2] Zivilprozessordnung (ZPO) — Gesetze im Internet
3. [3] Bundesgerichtshof (BGH) — Decisions and information pages