Tenant Checklist: PV & Mieterstrom in Germany

Many tenants in German cities face contracts for PV systems or Mieterstrom models that seem sustainable at first glance but can change cost allocation and responsibilities. This guide is for tenants in Germany who want to check technical, legal and financial aspects before signing, how retrofits and operating costs may be distributed, and how to negotiate family-friendly utility agreements. Read clauses on feed-in remuneration, billing intervals and liability; record appointments and defects in writing and request written remediation agreements when unclear.

What to check before signing

Before signing a contract for a PV system or a Mieterstrom model as a tenant, systematically check the following items. Collect all relevant documents and note deadlines, responsibilities and possible cost transfers.

• Contract and side agreements: Read grid connections, duration, cancellation deadlines and subletting clauses carefully.
• Cost allocation and billing: Clarify which investment or operating costs are passed on to tenants and how billing is handled.
• Maintenance and liability: Who is responsible for maintenance, repairs and insurance for damage caused by the PV system?
• Metering and metering arrangements: Is a separate submeter planned and how are consumption and feed-in documented?
• Deadlines and dates: Note installation period, commissioning and deadlines for objection or termination.
• Access and privacy: Clarify roof access, key arrangements and dates for craftsmen.

Specifics of Mieterstrom

Mieterstrom models can offer cheaper energy but often include complex billing models and long-term commitments. Watch for variable prices, minimum terms and automatic renewals. Check whether remuneration for surplus electricity is clearly regulated.

• Price indexing: Is the electricity price linked to an index or the regular supplier price?
• Billing transparency: Request sample bills at the start.
• Grid fees and surcharges: Clarify whether additional grid charges or surcharges apply.

Rights, duties and authorities

Your rights as a tenant are regulated in the German Civil Code; in particular, landlord obligations for maintenance and operation are described in tenancy law (§§ 535–580a BGB)^[1]. In legal disputes, local courts (Amtsgerichte) are usually competent; higher instances are regional courts and the Federal Court of Justice for precedents^[4][5]. Procedural steps such as eviction suits follow the rules of the Code of Civil Procedure^[2].

Forms and practical examples

For tenants, simple written templates are often important: a deadline for defect remediation, an objection to an unclear cost statement, or a termination letter. Examples and legal texts are available from federal official sources^[1]. Practical example: If the landlord announces a cost allocation, send a written deadline with 14 days to disclose the cost documents.

• Deadline for disclosure: Example text: "Please provide complete documents for the announced cost allocation within 14 days."
• Documentation: Keep photos of meters, handover meter readings and written communications.

FAQ

Can the landlord force me to participate in a PV system?

In principle the landlord is responsible for modernizations, but cost allocation and benefits must be lawful and transparent; check the specific agreement.

How do I contest an unclear cost allocation?

Request complete documents within a reasonable deadline (e.g. 14 days) and set a remediation deadline. If necessary, contact the local court.

Who is responsible for technical defects after installation?

The contract should specify whether the landlord or operator is responsible for maintenance and defect remediation; if unclear, the landlord's general obligations under the BGB apply.

How-To

1. Gather all contract documents, billing examples and condition reports of the rented property.
2. Check cost allocation: who pays for installation, operation, maintenance, insurance?
3. Note deadlines for objection, termination and commissioning and send formal deadlines in case of ambiguities.
4. Contact local advisory services or the district court if documents are missing or rights are at risk.
5. Document all defects and communications and prepare documentation in case legal action is necessary.

Key Takeaways

• Read contracts completely and watch for cost allocations.
• Request evidence and sample bills in writing.
• Set deadlines and document communications.

Help and Support / Resources

• Gesetze im Internet (BMG/BMJV)
• Justice Portal of the Federal and State Governments
• Federal Court of Justice (BGH)

1. [1] Gesetze im Internet – BGB §§ 535–580a
2. [2] Gesetze im Internet – Code of Civil Procedure (ZPO)
3. [3] Gesetze im Internet – Heating Costs Ordinance (HeizKV)
4. [4] Justice Portal of the Federal and State Governments – Local Courts
5. [5] Federal Court of Justice – Decisions and Information