Smoke Alarm Rules for Tenants in Germany 2025

As a tenant in Germany you face clear obligations in 2025: smoke alarms must work, be installed correctly and be reported where state regulations require it. This guide explains in plain language what steps you as a tenant in an older building can take: how to install, document serial numbers, communicate with the landlord and which deadlines to observe. We also explain when you may act yourself, which authorities are responsible and how to use official forms. The tips help avoid disputes and increase your safety without requiring legal expertise. Read on for a practical checklist.

What tenants should do now

First check whether your federal state requires retrofitting and what deadlines apply. In general, tenancy law governs landlord and tenant duties in §§ 535 et seq. of the BGB.^[1] Talk to your landlord in writing before making any changes to the electrical installation yourself.

Practical checklist for tenants in older buildings

• Within the retrofit period, check whether smoke alarms are present and functioning.
• Inform the landlord in writing (defect notice) and ask for retrofitting.^[3]
• Document installation by a specialist or according to instructions; note serial numbers.
• Keep photos, invoices and installation receipts.
• If no agreement is reached, seek action or advice at the local court (Amtsgericht).^[2]

Frequently Asked Questions

Who is responsible for smoke alarms in older buildings?

In many cases the landlord is responsible for installation; the specific responsibility is governed by state law and §§ 535 et seq. of the BGB.^[1]

Do I have to report smoke alarms myself as a tenant?

If a reporting procedure is required, tenants should report installation and serial numbers; contact the landlord first.

What can I do if the landlord does not respond?

Document defects, set a deadline in writing and, if necessary, involve the local court or legal advice.^[2]

How-To

1. Check: Are smoke alarms present and functioning?
2. Write a defect notice: date, location, photos and request for remedy.
3. Document: collect serial numbers, invoices and installation receipts.
4. Safety: if there is an immediate danger, inform the fire brigade and notify the landlord quickly.
5. If necessary: set a deadline and then consider legal steps.^[2]

Help and Support

• Gesetze im Internet — BGB §§ 535–580a
• Zivilprozessordnung (ZPO)
• Federal Ministry of Justice — sample forms

1. [1] BGB §535 – Duties of the landlord
2. [2] ZPO – Proceedings for eviction and claims
3. [3] BMJ – sample forms and guidance