Tenants in Germany: Documenting wayfinding and contrasts

As a tenant in Germany, it is important to carefully document problems with wayfinding systems, missing contrasts or other barriers. Good evidence helps enforce claims against the landlord, meet deadlines and stand your ground in court. This guide explains in plain language which photos, date entries, witness details and official forms are useful, how to report defects and how to store evidence securely. I name relevant laws and authorities, show concrete action steps and list official contact points in Germany. The tips are practical and help you protect your rights without assuming legal expertise. At the end you will find a short action plan and links to official forms as well as notes on when legal aid may apply.

Why documentation matters

Documentation protects your rights as a tenant: clear photos, time stamps and written reports prove a defect exists and when it occurred. Landlord obligations and your claims are regulated in the BGB^[1], and procedural rules for court cases are set out in the ZPO^[2]. If you receive deadlines or notices, respond in writing and keep evidence.

Which evidence to collect

• Photos of the affected areas from different angles including a scale or a recognizable object.
• Date and time stamps: photo timestamps, communication dates and inspection appointments.
• Descriptions of damage or habitability issues (e.g. missing markings, poor contrast on stairs).
• Witnesses: names and contact details of people who can confirm the defect.
• Invoices or cost estimates for repairs or expert reports.
• Correspondence: emails, registered letters or handover protocols with concrete deadlines.

How to submit formal reports

Write defect reports clearly and factually: date, place, description, photo references and a deadline for remedy (e.g. 14 days). Send the report by email and additionally by registered mail if necessary. Note confirmations of receipt or landlord replies.

FAQ

Which evidence is valid in court?

Court-relevant evidence includes chronologically ordered photos, written defect notifications, witness statements and proof of costs. Formal guidance and legal bases are in the BGB and the ZPO.^[1][2]

How long should I keep records?

Keep records at least until the defect is remedied and no claims remain outstanding; longer retention may apply during legal proceedings.

When can I apply for legal aid?

If you cannot afford legal counsel, check eligibility for legal aid or counseling aid; the responsible ministry provides information and forms.^[3]

Anleitung

1. Take photos immediately from several perspectives and save date and time information.
2. Create a short log (location, description, possible hazard, witnesses).
3. Send a formal defect notice to the landlord with a deadline and attach photos.
4. If possible, obtain written confirmations from neighbors or building management.
5. If necessary, obtain a cost estimate or expert report and document the costs.
6. If the response is insufficient, consider legal action and contact the responsible local court for tenancy disputes.^[4]
7. If needed, check legal aid or counseling aid before filing a lawsuit.^[3]

Hilfe und Unterstützung

• Gesetze im Internet: Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch (BGB)
• Federal Ministry of Justice (information and forms)
• Federal Court of Justice (BGH) – key case law

1. [1] Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch (BGB) §§ 535–580a
2. [2] Zivilprozessordnung (ZPO)
3. [3] Bundesministerium der Justiz: Prozesskostenhilfe und Beratungshilfe
4. [4] Justizportal: Information on local courts and jurisdictions