Collect Comparable Flats: Tenant Rights Germany 2025

As a tenant in Germany it is often crucial to systematically collect comparable flats to effectively justify tenant rights such as responses to rent increases or rent reductions. This guide explains step by step which details and proofs are relevant, how to compare photos, listings and additional costs, and which deadlines and courts must be observed. I describe practical templates, name official forms as well as responsible authorities and court information, and show how to structure evidence to use it in a written rent reduction, an objection to a rent increase or a later lawsuit. No legal jargon, but clear, applicable steps for your daily life as a tenant.

Why collect comparable flats?

Comparable flats help you demonstrate the customary local rent, question rent increases or substantiate the reasonableness of a claim. Carefully documented listings and photos can increase the credibility of your account in court or with the landlord. Make sure to note date, listing source, location and fittings and clearly describe utilities or renovation status; this is often decisive when reviewed under the provisions of the Civil Code (BGB) governing tenancy relationships ^[1].

What exactly to document?

• Listing details: link, platform, date, rent and living area.
• Photos: condition of floors, walls, heating, damp or mold.
• Operating costs: statements and comparative utility figures.
• Communication: copies of emails, letters or texts with dates.
• Witnesses: names, contacts and short statements from neighbors or tradespeople.

If you plan to meet deadlines or take formal steps, remember the relevant deadlines for objections and lawsuits; court proceedings for tenancy claims usually go through the local district court (Amtsgericht), appeals through the regional court (Landgericht) and, for fundamental legal questions, the Federal Court of Justice ^[2][3].

How to use comparable flats in practice?

Use a simple table (date, source, sqm, rent, condition) and save screenshots with timestamps. For a formal rent reduction or objection, explain specifically why your flat is worth less (e.g. no heating, significant mold) and attach matching comparable flats as exhibits. Always state the concrete amount or percentage of the reduction and justify it comprehensibly.

FAQ

Which authorities and courts are responsible?

For disputes about rent or rent reduction, the local district court (Amtsgericht) is initially responsible; appeals go to the regional court (Landgericht); fundamental legal questions are decided by the Federal Court of Justice.^[2][3]

Which laws regulate tenancy relationships?

The Civil Code (BGB) contains the most important provisions for tenants in §§ 535–580a on landlord and tenant duties as well as termination periods and rent reduction.^[1]

How-To

1. Collect listings and photos: save screenshots with the date.
2. Note details: sqm, location, fittings, renovation status.
3. Create a comparison table and attach evidence as PDFs.
4. Write a clear justification for your objection or rent reduction.
5. If necessary, file documents with the district court or apply for legal aid.

Help and Support / Resources

• BGB §§ 535–580a – Gesetze im Internet
• ZPO – Civil Procedure Code – Gesetze im Internet
• Federal Court of Justice – Official website

1. [1] Civil Code (BGB) – Gesetze im Internet
2. [2] Code of Civil Procedure (ZPO) – Gesetze im Internet
3. [3] Federal Court of Justice – Official Website