Viewing Appointments in Germany: Tenants' Rights
As a tenant in Germany, you may often wonder whether you must allow viewing appointments. This guide clearly explains when landlords have a right of access, which deadlines apply, and how to draft a legally secure refusal. You will learn which official steps and forms help, how to protect your privacy, and which local courts are responsible if a dispute arises. Practical examples show how to respond in writing, observe deadlines, and collect evidence. The goal is to strengthen tenant rights and resolve conflicts without unnecessary escalation. We list important sections of the BGB, explain procedures for court disputes under the ZPO, and link to official forms for legal advice.
Your rights for viewing appointments
In principle, a landlord must announce inspections and show a legitimate purpose, such as re-letting or necessary repair planning. The Civil Code (BGB) regulates landlord obligations and tenant rights[1]. If an inspection unreasonably intrudes on your privacy, you may refuse appointments or require restrictions.
When you can refuse
- If the appointment was announced without sufficient notice or the time is unreasonable.
- If the purpose of the viewing is not plausible or lacks legal basis.
- If access would significantly impair your privacy, for example regarding sensitive personal belongings.
How to refuse legally
Write a concise, factual refusal by email or letter and document the date and content of the communication. Propose an alternative date or suggest photo/video options where appropriate. Briefly state the reason (e.g. insufficient notice, suspicion of an unlawful purpose) and keep records.
- Include: date, address, proposed appointment, reason for refusal, and an alternative offer.
- Document all replies and store attachments and photos securely.
Deadlines and court procedures
Pay attention to deadlines: if you receive a formal demand or official letter, legally relevant actions may be required within short periods. The Code of Civil Procedure (ZPO) applies to lawsuits and eviction suits[2]. Local courts (Amtsgerichte) are usually competent for tenancy disputes.
Practical forms and support
If you need legal help, there are official support routes such as legal advice aid (Beratungshilfe) or legal aid (Prozesskostenhilfe); applications are available via justice portals and local courts[3]. Use these options before entering a dispute.
- Apply for legal advice aid for short-term legal counseling.
- Check legal aid if court proceedings are likely.
Common mistakes to avoid
- Not documenting communications and replying only orally.
- Ignoring deadlines or failing to request extensions.
- Threatening legal action without prior review.
FAQ
- Can my landlord enter my flat for a viewing at any time?
- No. Landlords must announce viewing appointments and demonstrate a legitimate purpose; unreasonable appointments may be refused.[1]
- Do I have to allow a viewing if I worry about my privacy?
- You may request restrictions or refuse if privacy would be significantly affected; document your reasons in writing.
- Where can I go if a dispute arises?
- The local court (Amtsgericht) is usually responsible; if necessary, the justice portal provides information on legal advice aid and legal aid[3].
How-To
- Check the announcement for purpose and notice period and note date and time.
- Reply in writing with refusal or alternative dates and state clear reasons.
- Collect evidence: emails, photos, subject lines and witness statements.
- Use legal advice aid or legal aid if needed and contact the local court for clarification.[2]
