Avoid Lost Keys: Tenant Tips for Germany

As a tenant in Germany, a lost key can cause unexpected costs, insecurity and disputes with the landlord. This guide clearly and practically explains common mistakes when keys are lost, how to handle liability, replacement keys or lock changes, and when household or liability insurance covers costs. I describe step by step which immediate actions help, which evidence is important and how to document to avoid unnecessary claims. You will also find notes on deadlines, possible cost coverage by the landlord and when filing a police report is sensible. The information refers to applicable German law and provides practical examples so you as a tenant can act effectively and with legal certainty.

What to do if you lose your keys?

Acting immediately reduces costs and security risks. First check whether the key is merely misplaced, search likely places and ask at lost-and-found offices or nearby locations. Then inform the landlord without delay so they can decide whether a lock change is necessary. If you suspect the key was stolen or sensitive data (e.g., an address label on the keyring) was exposed, inform the police and file a report. Timely reporting can reduce or prevent later claims. The basic duties regarding maintenance and liability are governed by the BGB.^[1]

• Search for the key immediately and check the surroundings.
• Inform the landlord without delay and agree on possible solutions.
• If stolen or sensitive info is exposed, consider filing a police report.
• Document photos, location, time and witnesses.

Liability, insurance and cost coverage

Whether you must pay for a lock change or new keys depends on the individual case. If you caused the loss through gross negligence, the landlord may demand reimbursement. Ordinary wear and tear is usually the landlords responsibility under the BGB; documentation of the incident helps. Private liability insurance often covers the costs for replacement keys or lock changes, but not always for intentional acts. Household contents insurance generally covers theft of items, not replacement of entrance locks. Check your policy and report the damage promptly.

Practical example

Example: You lose your apartment key in the evening with a key tag that shows your address. You suspect you lost it near your home. You inform the landlord in writing the next morning, take photos of the key tag and file a police report if theft is suspected. The liability insurer reviews the claim; if accepted, it reimburses the lock costs. If the landlord immediately insists on a lock change, document the demand and request an invoice for review.

Step-by-step: How to document and report correctly

1. Note date, time, place and circumstances of the loss.
2. Take photos of the keyring and possible locations.
3. Inform the landlord in writing and request a detailed cost breakdown if the landlord claims costs.
4. Check your liability insurance and report the damage with receipts.
5. File a police report if theft is suspected.

If the landlord demands costs

If the landlord insists on a lock change, always request a detailed invoice and state your position in writing. If no agreement is reached, the judicial route at the Amtsgericht is possible for smaller amounts; civil procedure rules are in the ZPO.^[2]

Common mistakes to avoid

• Not notifying the landlord or insurer: delays often complicate claims.
• Lack of documentation: without photos or witnesses claims are harder to dispute.
• Discarding evidence: keep all receipts, invoices and messages.

FAQ

Who pays for a lock change if I lose the key?

It depends: in cases of gross negligence the tenant may pay; for normal use the landlord usually covers costs; check your insurance and request an invoice.

Does liability insurance cover lost keys?

Many liability insurances cover replacement keys or lock changes; check the policy terms and report the damage promptly.

Should I inform the police?

If theft is suspected or the key contained sensitive information, filing a police report is advisable; it also supports insurance and liability questions.

How-To

1. Search immediately and check surroundings.
2. Inform the landlord in writing and document agreements.
3. If theft suspected, file a police report.
4. Report the damage to liability insurance and submit evidence.
5. If necessary, consider filing a claim at the local court (follow ZPO rules).^[2]

Key Takeaways

• Act fast and document everything to protect your position.
• Check liability insurance early; many policies help with key loss.

Help and Support / Resources

• Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch (BGB) — Gesetze im Internet
• Zivilprozessordnung (ZPO) — Gesetze im Internet
• Bundesgerichtshof (BGH) — Decisions and information

1. [1] Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch (BGB) — Gesetze im Internet
2. [2] Zivilprozessordnung (ZPO) — Gesetze im Internet
3. [3] Bundesgerichtshof (BGH) — Decisions