Protecting Natural Hazards for Tenants in Germany

Many shared-flat tenants (WG tenants) in Germany face the question of how to protect themselves against natural hazards such as flooding, storms or sewer backup. This article explains in plain language which insurances are relevant, what duties towards the landlord exist and which steps after a damage event are practically helpful. We describe when a private contents insurance or an additional natural hazard (elemental) coverage applies, how you should document damages and which courts are competent in case of disputes. The aim is to give tenants concrete steps so you can react quickly, secure claims and avoid costly surprises.

What does natural hazard insurance cover for WG tenants?

For WG tenants, private contents insurance is especially relevant; it replaces movable items in the flat if natural hazards are included. Typical perils are:

• Flooding from heavy rain
• Sewer backup
• Storm or hail damage to external property
• Earthquake or landslide damage (depending on the tariff)

When does the landlord pay and when the insurance?

The landlord is responsible for building maintenance (§ 535 BGB). Damage to the building itself is usually borne by the owner, while damage to your contents is covered by the tenant's contents insurance if insured. In cases such as water pipe damage or when the cause is within the building, overlaps can occur; therefore document cause and extent precisely and inform both the landlord and your insurer immediately.^[1]

How do WG tenants choose the right coverage?

• Check existing contents coverage and look specifically for "elemental risk" or "elementary damage" in the contract
• Compare coverage limits and deductibles
• Note exclusions (e.g. gross negligence)
• Clarify if common WG items need separate coverage

Step-by-step after a natural hazard damage

Act promptly after damage: secure, document, report. Documentation is decisive for claims settlement.

FAQ

Who pays for flooding in a WG — landlord or tenant?

Building maintenance and structural damage are usually paid by the landlord; damage to personal contents is paid by the tenant's contents insurance if elemental coverage is included.

What deadlines apply for reporting damage to insurer and landlord?

Report damages without delay, usually "as soon as possible"; delays can jeopardize claims. For court proceedings, the deadlines of the Code of Civil Procedure (ZPO) apply.^[2]

What if the landlord disputes the cause of damage?

Document photos, videos, witnesses and request a written statement from the landlord; seek legal advice or legal aid if necessary.

Are there standard forms for lawsuits or applications?

Procedures are governed by the ZPO; specific complaint forms are often provided by local courts. Check with the competent local court for required documents.^[3]

How-To

1. Secure people and switch off hazards (electricity, leaks).
2. Photograph and film all damage completely and promptly.
3. Inform the landlord in writing first, then your insurer; request acknowledgements of receipt.
4. Collect receipts (invoices, purchase proofs, inventory list) for claims settlement.

Help and Support / Resources

• Gesetze im Internet – Civil Code (BGB)
• Gesetze im Internet – Code of Civil Procedure (ZPO)
• Federal Court of Justice (BGH) – Decisions

1. [1] Gesetze im Internet – BGB §§ 535–580a
2. [2] Gesetze im Internet – ZPO
3. [3] Bundesgerichtshof – Decisions and Information