Tenant Rights in Germany: Cases & Help
As a tenant in Germany you may occasionally face questions about tenant rights, rent reduction, repairs or termination. This guide explains in practical terms how to use BGH rulings and statutory rules such as the BGB in §§ 535–580a[1], which deadlines apply to terminations or rent reductions and how to submit forms correctly[3]. I show concrete steps for documenting defects, communicating with landlords and preparing for proceedings before the local court[2]. I also list official contacts and forms so you can quickly find support and enforce your rights in Germany with confidence.
Which rights do tenants have?
Tenants have claims under the BGB to an apartment free of defects, correct operating cost accounting and protection against unlawful termination. Landlords must remedy defects and maintain habitability; tenants must pay rent and report damages.
Defects and rent reduction
If the apartment has defects (e.g. mold, heating failure, burst pipe), document the time and extent carefully and inform the landlord in writing. A rent reduction is possible if the usability is impaired.
- Document defects immediately with dates, photos and brief notes.
- Send a written defect report by registered mail or email with read confirmation.
- Secure evidence of repeat incidents (e.g. heating failure on multiple days).
Termination, deadlines and court steps
For a termination check deadlines, form and justification. An extraordinary termination usually requires serious breaches. In disputes the local court often decides; prepare your documents and deadlines carefully[2].
- Check termination deadlines immediately and respond within set timeframes.
- Keep all correspondence and payment receipts to present to the court.
- If you fear an unlawful termination contact counseling centers and tenant associations.
Frequently Asked Questions
- When can I reduce the rent?
- When the apartment has a significant defect that limits use, you can reduce rent proportionally; document the defect and the time.
- What deadlines apply to a termination?
- Statutory and contractual deadlines are determined by the BGB; check the date the termination was received and act quickly.
- Where can I find local help?
- Contact local tenant associations, counseling centers or the local court for tenancy law proceedings.
How-To
- Document: Photograph the defect, note date and time and save all evidence.
- Formally report: Send a written defect report to the landlord and request a deadline for remedy.
- Set a deadline: Give a reasonable cure period and state possible consequences.
- Response and accounting: Calculate an appropriate rent reduction and retain payment records.
