Natural Damage Insurance for Renters in Germany

Many students rent and wonder how they are protected in case of floods, heavy rain or other natural damage. This guide explains in plain language which role household and liability insurance plays in protecting against natural damage, which coverages are important for renters and how to compare offers in Germany. You will learn when the landlord is responsible, what rights apply in case of damage and how to document, report and secure claims. Concrete steps help you report damage quickly and observe deadlines. At the end you will find a step‑by‑step guide to reporting damage and links to official forms and courts.

What are natural damages?

Natural damages are losses caused by natural events such as flooding, heavy rain, backflow or landslide. As a renter, you should know which damages your household insurance covers and when landlord obligations apply. Legal bases can be found in the German Civil Code (BGB), in particular on landlord and tenant duties^[1].

How insurance helps

Standard household insurance usually covers fire, burglary and water damage. For damages from extreme natural events an elemental add-on or additional insurance is often necessary. Liability insurance usually does not cover destroyed household items, but it is important for liability issues towards third parties.

What to watch when comparing

• Specific hazards: Check whether flood, backflow, heavy rain or landslide are listed in the policy.
• Compensation and deductible: Pay attention to coverage limits, replacement value vs. current value and any deductible.
• Exclusions and obligations: Read which prevention duties apply and which situations are excluded.
• Performance period and reporting deadlines: Check deadlines for claim reporting and submission of documents.

Documenting and reporting damage

Documentation is crucial: Photos, a list of damaged items with prices or current values and witness statements help with settlement. Contact your insurer first, then inform the landlord in writing if the building fabric is affected. Deadlines for legal actions and procedures are governed by the Code of Civil Procedure (ZPO) and can be important if claims are disputed^[2]. The local court (Amtsgericht) is responsible for many cases; appeals can go to the regional court and the Federal Court of Justice (BGH)^[3].

FAQ

Does my household insurance cover flooding?

It depends on the tariff: many standard policies exclude elemental damage; an add-on for flooding or heavy rain is often required.

Who pays for damage to the building fabric?

Damage to the building fabric is generally the landlord's responsibility unless the tenant caused the damage.

What deadline do I have to report a damage?

Report damages immediately to your insurer and inform the landlord in writing; exact deadlines are in the insurance contract and in the ZPO.

How-To

1. Step 1: Document the extent of the damage immediately with photos, dates and a list of affected items.
2. Step 2: Report the damage in writing to the insurer and inform the landlord (name, date, describe damages).
3. Step 3: Contact advisory services or legal advice if coverage is denied or you are unsure.
4. Step 4: For disputes consider filing a claim at the competent local court or legal proceedings under the ZPO.

Help and Support / Resources

• [1] BGB §535 – Duties of the landlord
• [2] ZPO §253 – Principles of actions
• [3] Federal Court of Justice (BGH) – Decisions

1. [1] BGB §535 – Duties of the landlord
2. [2] ZPO §253 – Principles of actions
3. [3] Federal Court of Justice (BGH) – Decisions