Protect Tenants: Fight Eviction Suits in Germany

What to do if you receive an eviction suit?

If you receive an eviction suit in Germany, first check service of process and deadlines. The legal basis is in the Civil Code (Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch, BGB) which sets landlord duties and tenant protections.^[1] Document payment records, defect notices and all communication with the landlord. Do not miss objection deadlines or court dates at the local court.

• Check deadlines and prepare any objection within the stated timeframe.
• Verify service of documents; do not sign statements without advice.
• Secure evidence: photos, witness statements, payment receipts.
• Contact a tenant association or legal advisor early.
• Prepare for court: sort documents and observe all deadlines.

Forms & Deadlines

Key procedural rules are in the Code of Civil Procedure (Zivilprozessordnung, ZPO).^[3] Forms relevant to tenants include the statement of defense (Klageerwiderung) for a lawsuit under the ZPO and, in other cases, the application for an order in the payment order procedure. Practical example: For arrears the landlord may start with a reminder; if it becomes litigation, you must respond within the service period and possibly provide a written rebuttal or a proposed repayment plan.

Another central point is jurisdiction: tenancy disputes are initially heard at the local court (Amtsgericht).^[2] File documents on time and attach copies, not originals.

FAQ

What is an eviction suit?

An eviction suit is the landlord's court action to obtain possession of the dwelling. It usually follows a termination or unpaid rent and is heard at the local court.

Which deadlines must I observe?

Check service deadlines and any dates stated in the documents; typically you must respond within a few weeks and may need to file an objection or provide payment proof.

Can I prevent eviction if there are defects?

Under certain conditions tenants can assert retention rights or rent reduction. Document defects and notify the landlord in writing.

How-To

1. Check deadlines and service: note all court dates immediately.
2. Gather evidence: photos, receipts, written communication and witnesses.
3. Prepare forms: draft a statement of defense or rebuttal under the ZPO and attach copies of evidence.
4. Contact the local court: request the file number, possible hearing dates and procedural guidance.
5. Seek support: involve a tenant association, legal aid or a lawyer early.

Help and Support / Resources

• Civil Code (BGB) §535 – Landlord duties — gesetze-im-internet.de
• Code of Civil Procedure (ZPO) – Rules and forms — gesetze-im-internet.de
• Federal Court of Justice (BGH) – Case law and information — bundesgerichtshof.de

1. [1] Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch (BGB) §535 – Pflichten des Vermieters — gesetze-im-internet.de
2. [2] Informationen zu Gerichten und Zuständigkeiten — justiz.de
3. [3] Zivilprozessordnung (ZPO) – Formulare und Verfahren — gesetze-im-internet.de