Student Dorm Rules: Tenant Rights in Germany

Student dorms are the first independent housing for many students, yet rules, room allocation and administration practices often raise questions. This guide explains clearly which rights tenants have in Germany, how fair allocation of rooms and utility costs is possible and what duties dorm administration has. You will learn concretely how to report defects correctly, set deadlines and which evidence helps. We show which official forms are useful, how to contact the local court or other authorities and when rent reduction or a lawsuit may be appropriate. Practical examples and sample texts assist in drafting letters. Keep copies of all communication and receipts.

Rights and Duties in Student Dorms

As tenants, residents in student dorms are generally covered by the tenancy law of the BGB, in particular the provisions on duties and defects (§§ 535–580a BGB)^[1]. The dorm administration must provide transparent criteria for room allocation and utility costs and apply house rules so that they do not disadvantage tenants arbitrarily.

Allocation, House Rules and Administration

Rules on room allocation and shared spaces should be in writing. Ask for the allocation principle and request an understandable cost breakdown. In case of uncertainties, meeting minutes and e‑mails serve as evidence.

Reporting Defects, Deadlines and Evidence Preservation

Report defects immediately in writing and set an appropriate deadline for repair. Describe the defect precisely, attach photos and note date and time. If the administration does not respond, you can plan further steps up to rent reduction or filing a lawsuit at the local court^[2].

FAQ

Who decides on room allocation in the student dorm?

Usually the dorm administration according to established criteria; student representatives may have participation rights if agreed in internal rules.

Can I reduce the rent if the room has defects?

Yes, in case of significant defects a rent reduction may be possible; check the requirements under the BGB and document the defect carefully.^[1]

How do I file an eviction suit or other disputes?

Disputes are generally heard at the competent local court; procedural rules of the ZPO apply to lawsuits.^[2]

Are there sample forms for letters to the administration or court?

Official templates or guidance are available from state authorities, for example the Federal Ministry of Justice; use templates as orientation and adapt them to your case.^[4]

How-To

1. Collect evidence: photos, e‑mails, witnesses and payment records.
2. Write a formal defect notification with a deadline and send it by e‑mail and registered mail.
3. Set a clear deadline (e.g. 14 days) and mention possible consequences such as rent reduction or damages.
4. Before reducing rent, check the amount and legal basis; document calculation and reasons.
5. If necessary, file a lawsuit at the competent local court; observe procedural deadlines and formalities of the ZPO.^[2]

Key Takeaways

• Tenant rights also apply in student dorms and protect against unacceptable conditions.
• Comprehensive evidence preservation is crucial for defects or disputes.
• Clarify responsibilities early and use official contact points.

Help and Support / Resources

• BGB §§ 535–580a (Gesetze im Internet)
• Federal Ministry of Justice (forms and guidance)
• Federal Court of Justice (decisions)

1. [1] Gesetze im Internet – BGB §§ 535–580a
2. [2] Gesetze im Internet – ZPO
3. [3] Bundesgerichtshof – Entscheidungen
4. [4] Bundesministerium der Justiz – Formulare und Muster