Student Residence: Tenant Rights in Germany

As a tenant in a student residence in Germany, it is important to document problems calmly and systematically. This guide explains how to record defects, deficiencies or impermissible entries in the house rules record, meet deadlines and correctly complete official forms. We show practical examples for photos, date logs and written defect notifications to the landlord as well as tips on using sample letters. We also explain when a rent reduction under the BGB is possible^[1] and which deadlines apply in court^[2]. The aim is to resolve conflicts without escalation and to enforce your rights as a tenant clearly. The information is general and is based on German legal foundations and competent authorities specifically.

What to document

Complete and clear records are often decisive if disagreements with the landlord arise later. Focus on date, place, description and evidence.

• Photos (photo) of damage with date and a short description.
• Date log (deadline): note when you first noticed the defect and what communication took place.
• Written defect notification (form) to the landlord; email plus registered mail is recommended.
• Repair appointments and exchanges with caretakers or craftsmen (repair) should be documented.

How to report a defect

Draft a clear, short defect notification: location, damage, date, desired deadline for remedy. Keep a copy and proof of dispatch. If the landlord does not respond, you can consider further steps, such as a rent reduction or ultimately filing a lawsuit at the competent local court^[3].

Relevant official forms for court actions are usually available as templates on the justice portal (e.g., complaint form for civil proceedings). Use a power of attorney if you appoint legal representation. Practical example: first send the written defect notification with a 14-day deadline; after the deadline has elapsed, you can check whether a rent reduction is appropriate or prepare a lawsuit.

FAQ

Which deadline should I set in a defect notification?

Set a reasonable deadline, often 7–14 days, depending on the urgency of the defect.

Can I reduce the rent if the heating does not work?

For significant defects such as lack of heating, a rent reduction may be possible; the amount depends on the individual case.

Where can I go if the landlord does not respond?

If no agreement is possible, you can file a lawsuit at the local court or seek legal advice.

How-To

1. Take photos immediately from different angles and save the files with the date.
2. Keep a date log with time, who was informed and how they responded.
3. Send a formal defect notification and send it by email and registered mail.
4. Document repair appointments and keep invoices and receipts.
5. If necessary, collect evidence and prepare the complaint form for the competent local court.

Help and Support / Resources

• Gesetze im Internet: Civil Code (BGB)
• Gesetze im Internet: Code of Civil Procedure (ZPO)
• Federal Court of Justice (BGH) – Decisions

1. [1] Gesetze im Internet: BGB §§535–580a
2. [2] Gesetze im Internet: ZPO
3. [3] Justiz: Local courts and responsibilities