Tenant Rights in Germany: District Heat Price Changes

What applies to district heat price adjustments?

Many tenants in Germany are unsure when landlords adjust district heat prices and pass these costs on through service charge or operating cost statements. This article clearly explains the legal foundations, when a price adjustment is permissible, what evidence landlords must provide and what steps tenants can take — including a practical checklist for objections, reviewing statements and preparing for conversations or court proceedings. The presentation stays practical, avoids legal jargon and cites relevant provisions such as § 535 BGB and the Heating Costs Ordinance.^[1][2] At the end you will find a clear step-by-step guide, frequently asked questions and official links to forms and courts in Germany.

Checklist: Check immediately

• Check the complete statement and request missing documents.
• Compare the billed costs with your previous statements and consumption.
• Check whether the price adjustment was announced in writing and when it is effective.
• Watch for deadlines to file objections or submit complaints.
• Document all contacts with the landlord or supplier by email or letter.
• For heating problems or technical doubts secure photos, meter readings and measurements.

What to do if the statement is unclear or incorrect?

If the statement contains ambiguities, request a detailed cost breakdown from the landlord or district heat supplier in writing. Request invoices and contracts that justify the price change. A conversation often helps; if the answer is insufficient, the next step is a formal written objection with a deadline.

Formal steps and court proceedings

If an objection is not enough, tenants can file a lawsuit at the competent local court. Rental disputes over service charges and price adjustments are usually heard before the local court (Amtsgericht).^[3] Before suing, check legal expenses insurance or legal aid (PKH) and collect all receipts, statements and correspondence.

Write an objection

An objection should be short, factual and include a deadline. Name specific issues, demand presentation of invoices and set a deadline of about 14 to 30 days.

Collect evidence

Secure meter readings, photos and messages. Create a simple log with date, contact person and content of each contact.

FAQ

Who checks whether a district heat price increase is allowed?

The tenant can review the statement; in case of doubts the local court can decide or an expert opinion can be obtained.

What happens if I do not pay?

Unpaid claims can lead to reminders and ultimately a lawsuit; an objection should be filed beforehand.

Which deadlines are important?

Objection deadlines in the statement and deadlines for lawsuits vary; respond within 14 to 30 days to unclear statements.

How-To

1. Check the statement completely and note irregular items.
2. Request invoices and the price justification from the landlord or supplier in writing.
3. Set a clear deadline (e.g. 14 days) for submitting missing documents.
4. Document every contact and save emails as well as photocopies.
5. Consider rent reduction or recovery only after legal advice.
6. If necessary, file a lawsuit at the competent local court and check for PKH/legal aid.

Help and Support / Resources

• Gesetze im Internet: BGB and other statutes (official)
• Heating Costs Ordinance (HeizKV) (official)
• Federal Court of Justice (BGH) - case law (official)

1. [1] German Civil Code (BGB) §535: Landlord duties
2. [2] Heating Costs Ordinance (HeizKV)
3. [3] Information on courts and jurisdiction (BMJ)