Choose Allocation Key: Tenant Checklist Germany
As a tenant in Germany you often face questions about how service charges are allocated and whether the chosen allocation key is fair. This guide clearly explains the common allocation keys (living area, number of people, consumption), how to check the bill and when an objection makes sense. You get a practical checklist, deadlines and a template letter to object to an incorrect statement for 2025. The guidance follows relevant tenancy law and shows when the local court is responsible and which proofs (receipts, photos) help. The goal is that you as a tenant decide more confidently and enforce your rights in Germany.
What is an allocation key?
An allocation key determines how building costs (e.g., stairwell cleaning, waste disposal, heating) are divided among tenants. It is usually based on living area, number of persons or consumption; the legal bases are in tenancy law and related regulations [1].
In most cases the lease agreement specifies which allocation key applies.
Checklist for tenants
- Check type: living area, number of persons or consumption as allocation key.
- Verify accounting period: ensure the full billing period is included.
- Request documents: invoices, contracts, readout records and meter readings.
- Note deadlines: respond within billing deadlines and file objections timely.
- Prepare a template letter: specify errors and attach evidence.
Send your template letter by registered mail to have proof of receipt.
Objecting to errors: brief guide
If you find discrepancies, first request the documents in writing and point out specific items. Also check whether the allocation keys comply with the Betriebskostenverordnung [2]. Act within the usual deadlines and document all steps; if no agreement is reached, the local court is competent [3].
Respond to landlord letters and observe statutory deadlines.
FAQ
- How do I check whether the allocation key is correct?
- Compare the statement with the lease and request documents; check whether living area, consumption or number of people were used correctly.
- What deadlines apply for objections?
- Respond preferably within the billing deadlines and file a written objection with evidence promptly.
- When is it sensible to involve the court?
- If no clarification occurs after requesting documents and formal objection, filing a claim at the local court can be considered.
How-To
- Collect all relevant documents: lease, statements, invoices, meter readings and photos.
- Draft a template letter: name errors, attach evidence and set a deadline for reply.
- Send the letter by registered mail and keep proof of delivery.
- If no agreement, consider filing a claim at the local court or seek legal advice.
Good documentation increases your chances of successfully objecting.
Help and Support / Resources
- BGB §535 ff. – German Civil Code
- BetrKV – Operating Costs Regulation
- Federal Court of Justice (BGH) – Decisions
