Digitizing WGs in Dorms: Tenant Rights in Germany
As a tenant in a shared flat (WG) in a dormitory in Germany you often face technical and legal questions: which devices may be installed, when does the property manager or landlord need consent, and how do you protect roommates' data? This guide explains how to introduce a WG system (e.g. shared Wi‑Fi, smart lock or digital house rules) in a data‑protection-compliant way and in line with the house rules. We describe practical steps for consent forms, documentation of consents, handling photo or video recordings in common areas and measures in conflicts with landlord or property management. The goal is to protect tenant rights and minimize liability risks.
Basics for tenants in a dorm
In Germany §§ 535–580a of the BGB regulate landlord and tenant obligations and form the basis for many questions about usage, changes to the dwelling and operating costs.[1] In disputes over use or consequences of technical changes a court procedure under the ZPO may be relevant.[2] Rental law disputes are usually heard first at the local court (Amtsgericht); higher instances include the regional courts and the Federal Court of Justice.[3]
What does digitizing the WG mean?
Digitization can take many forms. Common elements are shared Wi‑Fi, electronic door locks, smart thermostats, smart‑home control and cameras in communal areas. It is important to check the house rules, the tenancy agreement and the privacy of roommates before installation.
- Shared Wi‑Fi and router management
- Smart‑lock on the entrance door or digital access systems
- Cameras or recording devices in communal areas
Which house rules apply?
The house rules may restrict technical changes, for example regarding structural modifications or the installation of devices that affect communal life. Always agree planned changes with the landlord or property management if the measure goes beyond ordinary use.
- Obtain consent from roommates and the landlord in writing
- Rules on usage times, noise and shared administration
- Data protection: no recordings without explicit consent
Forms and deadlines
Relevant documents include a written consent form from roommates, a formal request to the property management and, in case of dispute, the complaint under the ZPO. For terminations a correctly worded notice letter is important; sample texts help understand form requirements. For questions about remedies and precedents the Federal Court of Justice is authoritative.[4]
FAQ
- Do I need the landlord's permission for a smart lock?
- In many cases yes: a smart lock can constitute a structural change or a security-relevant intervention and thus requires the landlord's and roommates' consent.
- May the WG install cameras in communal areas?
- Recordings in communal areas are only allowed with the clear consent of all affected persons and must be documented in a data-protection-compliant manner.
- What should I do if I have conflicts with property management?
- Document incidents, send formal letters and consider legal advice if necessary; civil disputes can be decided by the local court.
How‑to
- Inform all roommates in writing about the planned device and purpose.
- Obtain written consent from the landlord if structural changes are planned.
- Document consents, installation locations and technical settings.
- Establish data protection rules, limit retention periods and access rights.
- Prepare documentation for potential disputes (local court).
Key Takeaways
- Written consents protect you legally.
- Documentation and data protection are essential.
- The house rules may limit digital measures.
Help and Support / Resources
- §§ 535–580a BGB — Civil Code (BGB)
- Code of Civil Procedure (ZPO) — Procedural Rules
- Federal Court of Justice (BGH) — Case Law
