Drill Holes & Anchors: Tenants Moving Out in Germany

When moving out, many tenants in Germany ask how to handle drill holes and anchors. This guide explains in plain language the rights and duties tenants and landlords have, which deadlines apply and how to make a binding agreement. You get a practical checklist, tips for documenting damage, suggested wording for letters and examples of when a court might be needed. I name official forms, show which proofs are useful and provide step-by-step actions for conflict cases. The goal is to avoid disputes and to be prepared if necessary — this protects your deposit and your tenancy rights.

What tenants should know

Rule of thumb: small drill holes for shelves or pictures are often allowed, but they can become an issue at move-out. The duties are regulated by tenancy law in the BGB, particularly regarding maintenance and cosmetic repairs.^[1] A clear written agreement with the landlord reduces the risk of the deposit being withheld.

Before drilling: check permission

Check your rental contract for clauses about cosmetic repairs and drill holes. If the landlord's consent is required, obtain it in writing. Use clear wording such as "duration and location of drills" and "obligation to restore" and date the letter.

Practical move-out checklist

• Check deadlines (within days) — verify notice, handover and defect notification periods.
• Request written agreement (file/notice) — secure an agreement about drill holes and restoration in writing.
• Document photos and records (evidence) — photograph holes before and after work with dates.
• Clarify costs (rent/payment) — decide who covers repair costs or accepts a deposit deduction.
• Keep forms and letters (record) — keep copies of all correspondence and replies.

If no agreement is possible, a neutral inspection or written protocol can help. For larger damage, obtain cost estimates and present them to the landlord. Official sample forms and guidance are available from the responsible ministries.^[2]

FAQ

Do I have to close drill holes when moving out?

Not necessarily; it often depends on the type of holes, the rental agreement and any agreement with the landlord. Small holes are often tolerated; larger visible damage usually must be repaired.

Who pays for repairs to anchors and drilled walls?

That depends on agreements and the condition at move-in. If the damage goes beyond normal wear and tear, the tenant may be required to cover the costs.

Which deadlines matter if a dispute arises?

Act quickly: defect notices and responses should be timely. For legal action, the local court (Amtsgericht) is competent; check the limitation periods in the BGB.

How-To

1. Contact: write to the landlord and describe planned drillings, locations and quantity.
2. Draft agreement: record restoration obligations, deadlines and cost responsibility in writing.
3. Document: take photos before and after the work and note measurements and locations.
4. Arrange repairs or do them yourself: present cost estimates or perform small repairs with suitable materials.
5. Protect the deposit: keep receipts to contest landlord claims.

Help and Support

• BGB — laws in Germany (gesetze-im-internet.de)
• Federal Court of Justice (BGH) — bundesgerichtshof.de
• Federal Ministry of Justice — bmj.de

1. [1] German Civil Code (BGB) — gesetze-im-internet.de
2. [2] Federal Ministry of Justice — bmj.de
3. [3] Federal Court of Justice — bundesgerichtshof.de