Tenant: Drill Holes & Anchors in Germany

As a tenant in Germany you often wonder whether you may make drill holes for shelves or pictures and which evidence is required if the landlord claims damage. This text explains clearly when you should ask first, how photo documentation (photo evidence) helps and which rights and duties follow from the BGB.^[1] We show practical steps on how to take photos correctly, report defects and what evidential value images have. You will also read when the landlord can request repair or damages and how to protect yourself. The guidance is aimed especially at tenants seeking straightforward, legally sound steps to avoid disputes or to be prepared in a dispute with the landlord.

What applies to drill holes & anchors?

In principle tenants may make changes to the apartment unless the rental contract stipulates otherwise. The landlord has maintenance duties and the tenant must use the property carefully; relevant rules are found in the BGB.^[1] Small anchor holes are often considered normal wear, but large interventions or visible damage may require permission or restoration obligations.

Permission, cosmetic repairs and costs

First check your lease: some clauses require removal of performed works at move-out. Without explicit landlord permission larger drillings or wall penetrations should not be carried out. If the landlord claims damages, claims are based on §§ 535 ff. BGB and, in case of dispute, on procedural rules.^[1]

Photo evidence: How to document correctly

Photo evidence should be clear, dated and shown in context: overall view, detail shot and a measuring or reference object (ruler, tape measure). Record date and time in the image file or an accompanying document. Keep original files and backups, and note who took the photos and in what circumstances.

FAQ

Do I need permission to drill in a rental apartment?

For simple picture hooks usually no consent is required; for larger or visible changes you should request written permission.

Who pays to repair anchor holes?

For normal minor wear the tenant usually does not pay; for excessive damage the landlord may demand compensation.

How do photo proofs help in disputes with the landlord?

Photos document condition, timestamps and extent; they are important to clarify the evidential situation in damage claims.

Which deadlines matter when I report defects?

Defects should be reported in writing without delay; respond promptly to landlord deadlines to avoid losing rights.

How-To

1. Take photos as evidence: overall view, detail and scale.
2. Create a written defect notice and attach proof documents.
3. Report within a few days after discovery and note deadlines.
4. Contact the landlord and obtain written consent for major changes.
5. In case of dispute collect evidence and consider filing at the local court.

Help and Support

• BGB and other laws (Gesetze im Internet)
• Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection (BMJ)
• Federal Court of Justice (BGH) decisions on tenancy law

1. [1] § 535 BGB - Content and main duties of the rental contract
2. [2] Decisions of the Federal Court of Justice (BGH) on tenancy law
3. [3] Code of Civil Procedure (ZPO) - rules for court proceedings