Tenant FAQ: Dorm and Shared Flat Rules Germany
What Tenants Need to Know
As a tenant in Germany you often wonder which rules apply in a dormitory or shared flat and how tasks and costs should be divided fairly. This guide explains tenants' rights and obligations, how to report repairs, which deadlines to watch, and which official forms exist. Using concrete flat-share examples I show how rent payment, utility costs, cleaning duties and visitor rules can be managed practically without legal expertise. The tips are aligned with German tenancy law and name the competent courts and statutes so you know where to get support in a dispute. I also explain how to formally terminate, which deadlines apply and when rent reduction may be possible, with clear examples for shared flats.
Rights, Obligations and Quick Steps
Landlord duties such as maintenance and defect remediation follow from the German Civil Code (BGB) §§ 535–580a.[1] For formal lawsuits the Code of Civil Procedure (ZPO) provides procedural rules.[2] The local court (Amtsgericht) is the first instance for many tenancy disputes; appeals go to the regional court (Landgericht) and the Federal Court of Justice (BGH) decides key precedents.[3]
Practical Steps for Defects
- Report the defect in writing (form) to the landlord and set a deadline.
- Photograph and document damage as evidence (record).
- For acute hazards: inform property management and, if necessary, the public order office (repair).
Rules on Costs and Utilities
Divide utilities in the flat share in writing based on consumption or agreed shares; clarify deposit issues in the lease. The Operating Costs Ordinance is a helpful reference for utility billing.
Frequently Asked Questions
- Can the landlord enter a room without permission?
- No, the landlord generally needs the tenant's consent; for legitimate inspections reasonable advance notice is required.
- How do I fairly split cleaning and visits in a shared flat?
- Written agreements on cleaning schedules and visiting hours are advisable; document arrangements to avoid disputes.
- When is rent reduction possible?
- For significant defects that impair use of the apartment, a rent reduction may be justified; inform yourself about form and amount and document the defect.
How-To
- Report problem in writing (form): Describe the defect, date and desired deadline.
- Collect evidence (record): Photos, messages and witness notes.
- Set a deadline (deadline): Give a reasonable time for remediation.
- Take emergency measures (repair): Notify immediately and secure if necessary.
- Consider court action (court): File suit at the local court if needed.
- Seek assistance (contact): Contact counseling centers or legal advice.
Key Takeaways
- Documentation is crucial for successful claims.
- Written agreements in shared flats reduce conflicts.
- Local courts are the right first contact for disputes.
Help and Support / Resources
- BGB: German Civil Code (Gesetze im Internet)
- ZPO: Code of Civil Procedure (Gesetze im Internet)
- Federal Court of Justice (BGH)
