Tenant Rights in Germany: Drill Holes & Plugs

As a tenant in Germany, you often wonder how many drill holes are allowed, whether plugs affect your return obligation and which receipts landlords may request. This guide explains clearly which duties arise from the lease and the BGB^[1], how to document damages and which deadlines apply. You will learn when repairs are the landlord's responsibility, what costs may occur when removing plugs, and how sample forms and photos help avoid disputes. With practical steps for preserving evidence, notes on the handover protocol and tips for communication, you stay legally secure when moving out. If necessary, we also show how and when to contact the local court and which documents judges expect.

What applies to drill holes and plugs?

Basically, it depends on the condition of the apartment at handover and the lease agreement. The BGB governs the main duties of tenant and landlord, such as maintenance and provision of use, as well as claims for damages^[1]. Small, proper drill holes for hanging pictures are often considered normal use in practice. Extensive alterations or improper filler work can, however, cause costs.

If the landlord demands deductions, they must prove the damage specifically and itemize costs transparently. The Code of Civil Procedure is relevant for court steps and deadlines^[2]. Disputes are often decided by the local court; in higher instances a judgment can reach the Federal Court of Justice.

• Small drill holes for pictures are usually regarded as normal use and not automatically repaired.
• Plugs and small filler spots: Well documented with photos you reduce follow-up claims.
• Landlord cost statements should be clear and verifiable; request receipts.
• Legal steps: Check deadlines and evidence before accepting liability for damages.

What should I do as a tenant?

Before moving out, a systematic approach is recommended: take photos, collect invoices and contractor receipts, create a handover protocol and report any defects to the landlord in writing. Always ask for a detailed statement and receipts if the landlord asserts claims. If you sign a protocol, make sure to note your reservations in writing.

FAQ

Who pays for removing plugs and repairs?

That depends on the extent and the contractual agreement. Small drill holes are often normal use; for larger damages the landlord may claim reimbursement.

Do I have to close all drill holes before moving out?

No, not always. Check the lease and document the condition. Often only visible, improper damages must be remedied.

What deadlines apply if the landlord makes claims?

The landlord should assert claims promptly after handover; civil procedure deadlines of the ZPO apply for court actions^[2].

When should I involve the local court?

If out-of-court resolution fails and the dispute is about the amount or legitimacy of a claim, the local court is competent; higher instances may decide legal questions.

How-To

1. Photos: Take dated, clear photos of affected spots and the entire apartment.
2. Receipts: Collect invoices, contractor receipts and purchase receipts for possible repairs.
3. Written contact: Notify the landlord in writing about known defects and request a deadline for clarification.
4. Handover protocol: Create a detailed protocol at the apartment handover and have deductions evidenced.
5. Court: Only file a suit with the local court if receipts are checked and no agreement is possible; observe the ZPO^[2].

Help and Support

• Civil Code (BGB) — Rights and Duties
• Code of Civil Procedure (ZPO) — Claims & Procedure
• Federal Court of Justice (BGH) — Decisions
• Federal Ministry of Justice (BMJ) — Forms & Information

1. [1] Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch (BGB) — gesetze-im-internet.de
3. [3] Bundesgerichtshof (BGH) — bundesgerichtshof.de
4. [4] Bundesministerium der Justiz (BMJ) — bmj.de