Tenants: Removing Mold in Germany 2025

Mold in an apartment is a common problem for many tenants in Germany that can affect health and living quality. This guide explains in clear language which duties landlords and tenants have, how to document mold correctly and which deadlines apply for reports and repairs. You will learn when a rent reduction is possible, how to formally write a defect notice and which evidence (photos, logs, medical reports) helps. I also describe practical steps for short-term precautions and how to prepare a procedure before the local court. I list official sources, relevant forms and sample letters to the landlord so you can act immediately. Legal references follow the German Civil Code and common court decisions.

What to do if you find mold?

If you discover mold, act quickly and systematically: report the defect in writing to the landlord, document photos and time, and avoid short-term DIY repairs that could hide the cause.

• Send a written defect notice to the landlord (date, photos, set a deadline).
• Document photos and dates; keep a log.
• Precautionary measures: ventilate regularly, heat briefly, do not dry wet clothes indoors.
• Set a deadline: give the landlord a reasonable grace period to remedy the problem.
• Obtain a medical certificate if there is a health risk.

Rights and obligations

Landlords are obligated to maintain the property under tenancy law; this is regulated by the German Civil Code and defines duties to remedy defects.^[1] Tenants must report damages without delay and take reasonable countermeasures. If the landlord does not act, a rent reduction or bringing the matter to the local court may follow; see procedural rules in the ZPO and competent courts.^[2] You can find additional forms and assistance at official authorities.^[3]

FAQ

Who pays for mold removal?

In principle the landlord is responsible if the mold results from structural defects or damage to the building; costs can be shared if the tenant acted culpably.

Can I reduce the rent?

Yes, rent reduction is possible if the apartment is impaired; keep correspondence and evidence, and inform the landlord in writing first.

What to do in case of acute health risk?

Seek medical advice, document findings and inform the public health office; in emergencies an interim measure may be necessary.

How-To

1. Write a formal defect notice with a deadline and send it by registered mail or email with read receipt.
2. Collect evidence: photos, dates, witness statements and medical reports.
3. Request immediate remediation and only perform necessary temporary measures that are documented.
4. Set a reasonable grace period; document the start and end of the deadline.
5. If the deadline is missed, consider filing a claim at the local court and follow procedural rules.^[2]

Help and Support / Resources

• German Civil Code (BGB) – Gesetze im Internet
• Code of Civil Procedure (ZPO) – Gesetze im Internet
• Federal Ministry of Justice – Information on Courts

1. [1] German Civil Code (BGB) §§ 535–580a
2. [2] Code of Civil Procedure (ZPO)
3. [3] Federal Ministry of Justice – Information on Courts