Tenants: Video Surveillance in Dorms in Germany

As a tenant in Germany^[1], you may notice video surveillance in your dorm or suspect you are being monitored. This article explains in clear language which legal principles apply under German tenancy law^[1], how to document incidents carefully and lawfully, and which types of evidence may be accepted in court^[2]. You will get practical steps for collecting photos, logs and witness statements, guidance on deadlines and forms^[3], and tips on how to communicate without jeopardizing your rights. This information helps you assess potential data protection and intrusion issues with your landlord or property manager and, if necessary, enforce them before a local court.^[4]

What is permitted?

Fundamentally, the relationship is governed by the rules of the German Civil Code (BGB). Continuous or blanket surveillance is usually disproportionate, especially if it captures private areas. Landlords may only install cameras if there is a legitimate interest and no less intrusive means are available.^[1]

How to document incidents correctly

Good documentation increases the chances of success in disputes. Ensure integrity, timestamps and clear sequences. Relevant evidence can include photos, exempted video excerpts (if lawfully obtained), written logs and witness confirmations.

• Save photos with date and time.
• Keep short logs with date, time and description.
• Name witnesses and note contact details.
• Submit complaints and forms to the landlord in writing.^[3]

Legal steps and deadlines

First speak to the landlord in writing and, if necessary, set a reasonable deadline for remedial action. In case of serious intrusions or no response, rent reduction, injunctive claims or other civil remedies may follow. Which evidence is accepted is decided by courts; relevant BGH decisions help interpret proportionality.^[2] If the landlord does not cooperate, the local court (Amtsgericht) may be competent.^[4]

Key Takeaways

• Document incidents promptly and systematically.
• Use written notifications to the landlord.
• The local court is the venue for disputes if needed.

FAQ

Is video surveillance in dorms generally permitted?

Only if it is proportionate, does not capture private areas and legal bases exist (e.g., the landlord's legitimate interest).^[1]

How do I secure evidence so it is admissible in court?

Secure photos with timestamps, keep logs and collect witness statements; avoid technical tampering.

When should I involve the local court?

If talks with the landlord or management do not resolve the issue or the matter concerns eviction claims or formal claims, contact the local court.^[4]

How-To

1. Photograph the surveillance situation and note date and time.
2. Keep a short log with sequence, participants and observations.
3. Ask witnesses for brief written confirmations.
4. Send a written complaint to the landlord and document receipt/response.
5. If necessary, file documents with the local court or seek legal advice.

Help and Support / Resources

• German Civil Code (BGB) – Gesetze im Internet
• Federal Court of Justice (BGH) – Decisions
• Federal Ministry of Justice – Forms and Guidance

1. [1] Gesetze im Internet: BGB §§ 535–580a
2. [2] Bundesgerichtshof: ausgewählte Mietrechtsentscheidungen
3. [3] Bundesministerium der Justiz: Formulare und Muster
4. [4] Justizportal: Zuständige Amtsgerichte