Besenrein Move-Out Guide for Tenants in Germany

When moving long-distance, correctly preparing the apartment to "besenrein" condition is a common point of dispute between tenant and landlord. This text clearly explains what "besenrein" means in Germany, which obligations tenants have at handover, and how to practically document damages, cleaning and key transfer. I describe useful phrasing for handover protocols, deadlines and necessary steps so you can protect your rights and avoid later claims. The guidance suits standard apartments and gives concrete examples for long-distance moves, including tips on evidence, communication with the landlord and official legal bases such as the BGB. Read on for a checklist, sample wording and notes about the local court.

What does "besenrein" mean?

"Besenrein" generally means the apartment is free of coarse dirt, rubbish and personal belongings upon handover; extensive cleaning duties or cosmetic repairs can be regulated separately in the lease. Statutory provisions relevant to tenancy and obligations can be found in the German Civil Code (BGB) §§ 535–580a.^[1]

Preparation for a long-distance move

Plan cleaning, repairs and transport so the handover can take place on time. Clarify in advance with the landlord what specific expectations exist for the besenrein standard (e.g. cleaned windows, swept floors, removed rubbish). Agree a fixed handover appointment and note it in writing.

• Cleaning: sweep floors, wipe surfaces and remove rubbish.
• Repairs: carry out small repairs only as needed.
• Keys: have all agreed keys ready.
• Deadlines: confirm the handover time in writing.

Handover protocol & forms

A detailed handover protocol reduces later disputes. Note time, attendees, meter readings, existing defects and the condition of the rooms. Use sample wording for handover protocols and, if needed, official guidance or templates from the justice ministry for termination letters and court steps.^[2]

Documentation and evidence

Photos, timestamps and signed protocols are key evidence. Ensure photos show all relevant perspectives (e.g. overall room view, close-ups of damage) and store files securely.

• Photos: photograph rooms and damages from several angles.
• Witnesses: if possible, involve witnesses at handover.
• Receipts: keep invoices and repair quotes.

FAQ

Who pays for final cleaning?

It depends on the lease: if there is no agreement, the tenant is only obliged to return the apartment in the usual besenrein condition; further cleaning may only be required if contractually agreed.

What if the landlord notes defects at handover?

Create a protocol, take photos and, if necessary, set a deadline for remediation; for legal steps the local court (Amtsgericht) is responsible.^[3]

Can the landlord keep the deposit because of insufficient cleaning?

Only if actual, proven costs for cleaning or repair arise; blanket retention without evidence is not permissible.

How-To

1. Arrange the appointment with the landlord in writing and confirm the time.
2. Before handover, sweep all rooms, remove rubbish and photograph visible defects.
3. Fill out the handover protocol: meter readings, number of keys, defects and signatures.
4. Collect receipts for cleaning/repairs and attach them to the protocol.
5. Confirm key transfer and make copies of the protocol for both parties.

Help and Support / Resources

• Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection (BMJV)
• Laws on the Internet (BGB and other texts)
• Federal Court of Justice (BGH) – tenancy decisions

1. [1] Gesetze im Internet — Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch (BGB)
2. [2] Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz — Forms and guidance
3. [3] German Justice Portal — Information on local courts