Keep Escape Routes Clear: Tenant Tips in Germany

In high-rise buildings, clear escape routes are vital. As a tenant in Germany, you should know the duties of landlords and property managers, how to report blockages and which rights you have. This text explains in plain language how to document defects, which authorities are responsible, and when to consider legal steps. The goal is for tenants to recognize dangers, act correctly and improve safety for themselves and other residents. Use the guidance on communicating with the landlord, observing deadlines and official reporting channels so that escape routes remain clear and emergency services can operate unhindered in an emergency.

Why escape routes matter

Escape routes in residential buildings must be clear, signposted and passable. Blocked staircases, cluttered corridors or blocked rescue access increase risk during fires or evacuations. The landlord is responsible for building safety and must remedy defects and ensure regular inspections^[1].

What tenants can do

If you notice a blocked escape route, document the condition, time and duration. Request the landlord in writing to remove the blockage and state a reasonable deadline. If the property manager does not respond, inform the relevant building authority or the fire department, especially if there is an immediate danger.

• Take photos and create a short record of the condition.
• Contact the landlord or property manager immediately and report the defect.
• Send a written defect notification and set a deadline for remediation.
• If there is danger, inform the fire department or building authority.

Legally, tenancy claims are based on the landlord's duty to maintain the rental property, regulated in the German Civil Code (BGB) §§535 ff.^[1]. Technical requirements for escape and rescue routes are set out in the Model Building Code and the respective state building codes^[2].

Communication and deadlines

Phrase defect notices factually and include a deadline (e.g., "Please remove the blockage by DD.MM.YYYY"). Deadlines should be realistic: for immediate danger, a very short deadline is appropriate; otherwise 7–14 days depending on severity.

• Send written defect notification by email or registered mail.
• Set a reasonable deadline and document the deadline expiry.
• Record responses and appointments.

If nothing happens

If the landlord remains inactive, tenants can consider further steps: report to the building authority, involve the fire department in emergencies, or pursue legal action at the local court for tenancy matters. In urgent cases, the fire department may remove obstacles.

For ongoing risks, rent reduction may be an option; precise documentation is crucial. Court cases are usually brought before the local court (Amtsgericht), appeals go to the regional court (Landgericht) and constitutional precedent questions may reach the Federal Court of Justice (BGH)^[3].

FAQ

What may the landlord place in escape routes?

Escape routes must not be blocked with personal items, trash or furniture; permanent storage areas are not permitted.

Can I as a tenant remove items myself?

Only in immediate danger may you act to protect and remove items, but document everything and inform the landlord promptly.

When is the fire department responsible?

The fire department acts in cases of immediate danger to life or health; they can remove obstacles and secure hazards.

How-To

1. Recognize danger and immediately call the fire department via emergency number 112 if lives are at risk.
2. Take photos and note date/time for documentation.
3. Send a written defect notification to the landlord and set a deadline.
4. If no action is taken, inform the building authority or local fire protection office.
5. Observe deadlines and plan next steps after deadline expiry (rent reduction, court action).
6. If necessary, seek legal advice and prepare a lawsuit at the local court.

Key takeaways

• Escape routes are part of building safety and must remain clear.
• Thorough documentation is decisive for rent reductions or lawsuits.
• In immediate danger, contact the fire department first.

Help and Support / Resources

• German Civil Code (BGB) - Gesetze im Internet
• Model Building Code (MBO) - Gesetze im Internet
• Federal Court of Justice (BGH) - Decisions