Tenants: Enforcing Inventory Lists in Germany

When handing over an apartment in Germany, a precise inventory list together with photos helps prevent later disputes about damage or missing items. This article gives tenants clear tools and templates on how to create an inventory list, perform a systematic photo check, and record entries with date and condition. It explains which forms are useful, how to log defects and which deadlines apply for objections. The goal is to help tenants enforce their rights practically, secure claims and avoid costly court disputes. The guide is written so that people without legal background can follow the steps and apply them immediately. At the end you will find sample objection letters and a handover checklist.

Why an inventory list matters

A complete inventory list with photos reduces uncertainty at move-in and move-out: it shows the condition of furniture, floors, walls, sanitary facilities and documents pre-existing damage. The list protects tenants from unjustified claims for wear and missing items.

Practical steps

1. Before move-in (move-in): create a full record of all rooms, note condition and existing furniture.
2. Photo check: photograph each room from multiple angles and close-ups of damage or meters.
3. Date and time: add dates to photos and the list and save metadata or separate notes.
4. Fill in a handover protocol and have it signed; send a copy to the landlord by registered mail or email.
5. Keep a copy: save one for your records and create digital backups.

Templates and forms

Useful templates include handover protocols, objection forms and sample letters for damage reports. Official termination or objection forms can be found at the Federal Ministry of Justice and on official law portals; sample letters help meet deadlines and present facts clearly.^[4]

Legal foundations

Relevant are the German Civil Code (BGB) on tenant and landlord duties, especially §§ 535–580a.^[1] Rules of civil procedure for court proceedings are in the Code of Civil Procedure (ZPO).^[2] Local rental disputes are usually heard at the local court (Amtsgericht).^[3]

FAQ

What should an inventory list contain?

An inventory list should include room names, specific items or components, their condition, the date of recording and, if possible, signatures of the parties at handover.

How detailed should photos be?

Photos should show overall views and close-ups of damage, meters or serial numbers. Ensure good lighting and include date information.

What deadlines apply for objections after handover?

Tenants should file objections promptly, generally within days to a few weeks after handover; specific deadlines may be set by contract or depend on the case.

How-To

1. Create a checklist: list rooms and items before move-in.
2. Take photos: capture overall and detail shots and save them with dates.
3. Complete the protocol: attach photos to the list and have it signed.
4. Send a copy: ensure the landlord receives a signed copy (registered mail or email).
5. If dispute arises: submit documentation to the local court or seek out-of-court advice.

Help and Support / Resources

• [1] BGB §§ 535–580a – Gesetze im Internet
• [2] ZPO – Gesetze im Internet
• [3] Federal Court of Justice – Decisions
• [4] Federal Ministry of Justice – BMJ

1. [1] BGB §§ 535–580a – Gesetze im Internet
2. [2] ZPO – Gesetze im Internet
3. [3] Federal Court of Justice – Decisions
4. [4] Federal Ministry of Justice – BMJ