Move-in Defect List: Tenant Checklist Germany

What to check when moving in?

When inspecting the flat tenants should check visible damages, functioning of heating and water, as well as meter readings and key handover. Statutory duties and tenant rights are regulated in the relevant provisions of the BGB.^[1]

• Take photos of damages (photo) and store them with dates
• Record meter readings and document them (record)
• Report defects to the landlord immediately (notice)
• Check heating, water and electricity (repair)
• Check key handover and locks (entry)
• Create a handover protocol or note deviations in writing (form)
• Note deadlines and confirm appointments (deadline)
• Verify deposit amount and payment receipts (rent)

How to write a defect notice?

A defect notice can be informal but should describe damages clearly, state the time and include photos, and set a deadline for remedy. Specify concrete requests such as repair or rent reduction and document every communication. For terminations or formal letters, templates from the Federal Ministry of Justice can be helpful; note that many disputes are heard at the local court (Amtsgericht).^[3][2]

Requirements and deadlines

Tenants should set a reasonable deadline for the landlord to remedy defects; if the landlord does not respond, further steps such as rent reduction or an application to the court may follow. Procedures for eviction claims and court processes are governed by the Code of Civil Procedure (ZPO).^[4]

FAQ

What belongs in a defect list?

Date, precise description of the defect, photos, meter readings, names of those involved and signature on handover protocols.

Which deadline should I set?

Typically 14 days to inspect and remedy minor defects; for significant hazards a shorter deadline may be appropriate.

Can I reduce the rent?

Yes, if the usability of the flat is impaired; the amount depends on the severity of the defect and requires documentation.

How-To

1. Take photos of all defects with date and description
2. Document meter readings and secure receipts
3. Report defects in writing and set a deadline
4. If there is no response, consider repair requests, rent reduction or legal steps
5. Seek advice from official bodies if unsure

Help and Support / Resources

• BGB §§ 535–580a (gesetze-im-internet.de)
• Information on courts and local courts (justiz.de)
• Templates and forms (bmj.de)

1. [1] BGB §§ 535–580a (gesetze-im-internet.de)
2. [2] Local court jurisdiction (justiz.de)
3. [3] Templates and forms (bmj.de)
4. [4] ZPO (gesetze-im-internet.de)