Move-Out Cleaning for Tenants in Germany

A remote move requires special planning for the handover so that move-out cleaning meets the landlord's expectations and the security deposit is not at risk. As a tenant in Germany, you should clarify deadlines, the scope of cleaning and documentation early, arrange contractors and secure photographic evidence. This guide explains in practical terms which tasks arise before, during and after the handover, which forms and legal bases are important, and how to proceed in disputes. With a clear checklist, schedule control and template letters you avoid misunderstandings and can successfully carry out the handover from a distance. This text contains concrete steps, notes on claims under the BGB and contact points for court proceedings.

Preparation before a remote move

Plan early and document everything in writing. Clarify the exact cleaning standard (move-out cleaning) with the landlord, agree on a handover appointment and determine whether a handover can be carried out by an authorized person.

• Check deadlines and set a handover appointment (deadline) so cleaning and contractor dates align.
• Arrange repairs and defect remediation (repair), e.g. faulty sockets or tiles.
• Create photos and collect documents (document) as evidence of the condition at handover.
• Hire end cleaning or do it yourself (move-out) according to the rental agreement.
• Plan key return (return keys) including confirmation of receipt.
• Clarify deposit accounting and possible deductions (deposit) with cost estimates.
• Prepare handover protocol and template letters (form) for signed documentation.
• Name an authorized person and provide contact details (contact) if you cannot be present personally.

During the handover

The handover protocol is central: record cleanliness, meter readings, existing damages and the number of keys. Ask the landlord or authorized person to sign and keep a copy. If possible, obtain confirmation of key return.

• Fill out the handover protocol (form) with date, time, meter readings and signatures.
• Take photos (document) of each room and any defects.
• Document the key handover (return keys) including quantity and type of keys.

Legal bases and forms

As a tenant, the basic rules of tenancy law in the German Civil Code (BGB) apply to landlord obligations, rent reduction and return obligations under §§ 535–580a^[1]. In court disputes about eviction or deposit disputes, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure (ZPO) are relevant^[2]. Tenancy disputes are generally heard before the Local Court (Amtsgericht); appeals go to the Regional Court and the Federal Court of Justice (BGH) for precedent-setting decisions^[3].

Important forms and templates

Useful forms and templates tenants may use for a remote move include:

• Termination letter (template) — for timely termination of the tenancy; include address, termination date and signature.
• Handover protocol (template) — documents condition, meter readings and key return; helpful for later deposit disputes.
• Statement of claim for eviction (if necessary) — if a landlord sues for eviction, the claim proceeds under the ZPO before the competent court.

Practical example: You hire a cleaning company, take photos and email the signed handover protocol to the landlord. If there are disagreements over deposit deductions, present the photos and protocol as evidence.

FAQ

What does "besenrein" exactly mean?

"Besenrein" means that coarse dirt has been removed, floors swept and large residues cleaned; deep cleaning obligations may be regulated differently in the rental agreement.

Who pays for final cleaning and repairs?

Generally, the tenant bears the costs for remedying deteriorations that exceed normal wear and tear; usual renovation demands are subject to legal limits.

Can I have someone represent me during the handover?

Yes, a written power of attorney allows an authorized person to carry out the handover and sign on behalf of the tenant.

How-To

1. Create an early timeline (deadline): set dates for cleaning, contractors and handover.
2. Arrange cleaning (move-out) or perform it yourself: clarify scope based on the rental agreement.
3. Collect photos and documents (document): create a systematic photo documentation.
4. Prepare the handover protocol and obtain signatures (form).
5. Check deposit accounting (deposit) and submit any objections with evidence.
6. Name contacts (contact) and send powers of attorney in good time.

Help and Support / Resources

• German Civil Code (BGB) – Gesetze im Internet
• Code of Civil Procedure (ZPO) – Gesetze im Internet
• Federal Court of Justice (BGH) – Information and decisions

1. [1] Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch (BGB) — §§ 535–580a
2. [2] Zivilprozessordnung (ZPO)
3. [3] Information on local courts and jurisdictions
4. [4] Federal Court of Justice (BGH) — decisions and guidance