Move-out Evidence for Tenants in Germany
In a broom-clean handover it is important for tenants in Germany to document the flat's condition as evidence. Careful documentation protects you from unjustified landlord claims and makes it easier to reclaim the deposit. This guide explains which photos, videos and notes are useful, how to create a handover record and which deadlines and deliveries under the BGB should be observed. The advice also explains when to use court forms or letters to the other party. The aim is that you can prove your tenant rights clearly without legal expertise. Read the practical steps below.
Why securing evidence matters
Good documentation helps tenants show the actual condition at handover and avoid disputes about repair costs or deposit deductions.[1]
Detailed documentation increases your chances of success in disputes.
Immediate steps at move-out
- Take photos and videos of every room and visible defects.
- Record date and time on photos or in a separate log.
- Complete a handover record and have both parties sign it.
- Document key handover with signatures and times.
- Request a written settlement of the deposit and keep evidence of expenses.
Keep originals and copies of all documents in a safe place.
What to include in the handover record
- Condition of each room and listed defects.
- Meter readings and receipts.
- Signatures, names and exact handover time.
Forms and legal basis
Relevant rules are in the BGB; for procedural forms consult the justice portals and the Amtsgericht for local filings.[1][2][3]
Respond to legal notices within deadlines to avoid losing your rights.
Häufige Fragen
- Muss die Wohnung besenrein übergeben werden?
- In der Regel ja: Viele Mietverträge verlangen eine besenreine Übergabe. Dokumentieren Sie Zustand und Protokoll als Beweis.
- Was kann ich tun, wenn der Vermieter nachträglich Mängel geltend macht?
- Zeigen Sie Ihre Fotos und das unterschriebene Übergabeprotokoll; nutzen Sie ggf. Formulare oder das Amtsgericht zur Klärung.[2]
- Wer entscheidet über Streitfälle zur Rückzahlung der Kaution?
- Meist entscheidet das Amtsgericht; bei Fragen können höhere Instanzen oder BGH-Entscheidungen relevant sein.[3]
Anleitung
- Prepare: make a checklist of rooms and items to photograph.
- Document date and time on all photos and videos.
- Fill in the handover record and have both parties sign it at the appointment.
- Record meter readings and collect receipts for any agreed work.
- Document the key handover with signatures and timestamp.
- If the deposit is withheld, request an itemised settlement in writing and set a deadline.
Wichtigste Erkenntnisse
- Dokumentation ist Ihr stärkstes Beweismittel bei späteren Forderungen.
- Ein unterschriebenes Übergabeprotokoll vereinfacht die Klärung erheblich.
- Beachten Sie Fristen und speichern Sie Nachweise für den Schriftverkehr.
Hilfe und Support / Ressourcen
- BGB §§535–580a — Gesetze im Internet
- Gerichtsformulare und Service — Justiz
- BGH Entscheidungen — Bundesgerichtshof
