Tenant Checklist: Urgency & WBS in Germany
Many tenants in Germany face decisions when repairs are urgent, the heating fails, or a housing entitlement certificate (WBS) affects their search. This practical guide explains clearly how to assess urgency levels, which forms are needed and which deadlines you as a tenant must observe. You will receive a simple checklist, templates for defect reports and guidance on when to consider rent reduction or legal steps. The language is plain, legal terms are explained, and concrete instructions help you communicate with landlords, property managers and authorities. The goal is that you act more confidently, meet deadlines and better understand your rights in cases of defects, termination or social housing applications.
What are urgency levels?
Urgency levels classify defects by their impact on habitability and safety: from cosmetic damage to failures of heating or water pipes. Legal bases and landlord obligations are set out in the BGB, especially regarding defect remediation and rent reduction.[1]
Practical steps for tenants
- Write a defect report in writing (Form / notice): include date, description, deadline and attach photos.
- Set and observe deadlines (deadline): indicate a reasonable repair period, e.g. 14 days.
- Collect evidence (evidence): document and store photos, videos and witness statements.
- Emergency measures for heating/water (repair): arrange temporary fixes and document costs.
- For serious conflicts: consider legal action (court) and note the local Amtsgericht as the competent court.[4]
Forms and templates
There are no uniform nationwide templates for every case, but important legal foundations and required information are in the law. Common forms and applications:
- Defect report (written): No official template required; state the defect, location, date, deadline and demand remediation.
- WBS application (housing entitlement certificate): Apply at your city or municipal administration according to the rules of the Wohnraumförderungsgesetz (WoFG).[3]
- Termination letter (if you terminate): keep written form, include date and signature, specify handover date; legal rules on termination are in the BGB.
Practical example: For mold, send a defect report by registered mail, attach photos, set a 14-day remediation deadline and note dates and times of measurements or contractor visits.
If the landlord does not respond
If the landlord does not act, consider staged steps: rent reduction under the BGB, commissioning a repair with subsequent cost claim, or urgent legal relief at the Amtsgericht. Eviction procedures and court actions follow the ZPO if necessary.[2]
Frequently Asked Questions
- When can I reduce the rent?
- If the habitability of the apartment is significantly impaired, e.g. prolonged heating failure; amount and start depend on the BGB and the concrete impairment.[1]
- How do I apply for a WBS?
- You apply for the WBS at your city or municipal administration; conditions and required documents derive from the Wohnraumförderungsgesetz (WoFG).[3]
- Who do I contact about an eviction lawsuit?
- The local Amtsgericht is usually responsible; tenancy disputes and eviction lawsuits are heard there.[4]
How-To
- Document (evidence): take photos, note dates and witnesses, and secure digital copies.
- Send defect report (form / notice): in writing with a deadline (e.g. 14 days) and proof (registered mail).
- Wait for the deadline and, if necessary, consider replacement work (repair) or calculate rent reduction.
- Check legal options: seek advice and, if necessary, file a claim at the Amtsgericht (court).[4]
Key Takeaways
- Report defects early and in writing to preserve your rights.
- Good documentation (photos, timestamps) is often decisive in disputes.
- Set clear deadlines and act within legal timeframes.
