Tenant Guide: WBS & Housing Co-ops in Germany

As a tenant in Germany, it is important to understand the rules around social housing, the Wohnberechtigungsschein (WBS) and housing cooperatives. This guide explains step by step how students can check eligibility, apply for a WBS and contact cooperatives. We describe required forms, deadlines and typical rights in rental issues such as rent reduction or protection against termination under the BGB.^[1] We also name responsible authorities such as the local court for disputes and show which official laws and sample forms are relevant. The goal is to explain complex terms simply and provide concrete actions so you can confidently submit applications and enforce your rights in Germany.

What is the WBS?

The Wohnberechtigungsschein (WBS) is an official confirmation that a person is eligible for subsidised housing. The rules are contained in the Housing Promotion Act (WoFG) and are implemented at state and municipal level.^[2] A WBS is usually income-dependent and distinguishes between different entitlement classes. For students, different income limits or proofs may apply; check the exact regulations with the responsible housing office.

How do students apply for a WBS?

First gather your income statements, enrolment certificate and identity card. The application itself is submitted to the local housing office or municipal authority; many cities offer an online form or a downloadable PDF application. Submit documents completely to avoid delays. Students may need additional evidence such as BAföG, training allowances or maintenance statements.

Housing cooperatives explained briefly

Housing cooperatives are member organisations where you buy shares to gain a right to housing or a cooperative apartment. The membership share is not a deposit substitute but an investment membership with return rules. Application procedures are often organised via waiting lists; cooperatives prefer applicants willing to participate actively.

Typical problems: rent reduction, termination, eviction

For defects in the flat, tenants have rights to repair and possibly rent reduction. Report defects in writing and document time and scope. For terminations, check the reason and timely delivery; if in doubt, seek legal advice. Rental disputes are usually tried first at the local court; higher appeals may go to the regional court or the Federal Court of Justice.^[3]

How-To

1. Check your eligibility and deadlines: gather income statements and enrolment certificate.
2. Complete forms: apply for the WBS at the housing office with all required attachments.
3. Provide documentation: include bank statements, rental contract or BAföG notice as evidence.
4. Submit and follow up: send the application by registered mail or use the online portal and note the confirmation of receipt.
5. If problems arise: contact the housing office, a local tenant advice service or the local court for legal steps.

FAQ

Who is eligible for a WBS?

Persons with sufficiently low income according to WoFG criteria and additional municipal rules; students may have special provisions.

How do applications to housing cooperatives work?

Apply as a member, pay the share and be placed on a waiting list; allocation is according to the statutes and availability.

What should I do if I receive an unjustified termination?

Check deadlines, document events and seek legal advice; court action at the local court may be necessary.

Help and Support / Resources

• Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch (BGB) §§ 535–580a — gesetze-im-internet.de
• Housing Promotion Act (WoFG) — gesetze-im-internet.de
• Federal Court of Justice (BGH) — bundesgerichtshof.de

1. [1] Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch (BGB) §§ 535–580a — gesetze-im-internet.de
2. [2] Housing Promotion Act (WoFG) — gesetze-im-internet.de
3. [3] Federal Court of Justice (BGH) — bundesgerichtshof.de