Tenants: Photo & Video Documentation Germany 2025
As a tenant in Germany, careful photo and video documentation at move-in, move-out and for damages is essential protection. This guide explains in plain language which photos and videos you should take, how to secure date and location stamps, and which forms or notifications can serve as evidence. We cover deadlines, proper storage, communicating with landlords or courts, and practical checklists for handover protocols. Systematic documentation increases your chances in rent reductions, damage claims or eviction cases. The tips follow current legal rules and list official forms and authorities so you can act prepared in a dispute. At the end you will find templates, court links and evidence collection tips.
Why documentation matters
Photos and videos help to clearly prove condition and damages. Under the rules of the Civil Code (BGB), tenant and landlord duties apply, which can be supported by evidence such as photos in case of dispute.[1] Early dated documentation reduces uncertainty in rent reductions, damage claims or when returning the apartment.
What and how to photograph
- Photos (photo) of damages from multiple angles and close-ups of details.
- Short videos (video) with a spoken comment to document the situation.
- Record date or location references, e.g. visible calendar page, SMS timestamp or note in the image.
- Scan or photograph handover protocols and written defect reports and keep them secure.
Storage and sharing
Back up photos and videos in at least two places: locally (external drive) and in the cloud. Ensure date information cannot be altered and use clear file names (e.g., "2025-06-01-kitchen-mold.jpg"). When sending images to the landlord, document delivery (e.g., by registered mail) and keep receipts.
- Create backups and include date and room in file names.
- For formal defect notices, keep proof of delivery.
Forms, deadlines and courts
For terminations, lawsuits or formal notices there are templates and court requirements. Relevant rules on procedure are found in the Code of Civil Procedure (ZPO), e.g. on deadlines and service of writs.[2] Many local courts provide templates for eviction claims or application forms; use these and follow formal submission rules.
When to involve the courts
If a landlord fails to respond to legitimate defect notices, the local court (Amtsgericht) can be involved. In appeals the regional courts and ultimately the Federal Court of Justice (BGH) decide on legal questions and precedents.[3]
Practical checklist
- photo: Take before-and-after photos at move-in and move-out.
- video: Record short room walkthroughs with commentary.
- Record date and time in file names and notes.
- Complete handover protocol and have both parties sign it.
FAQ
- Which photos are sufficient as evidence?
- Clear close-ups of defects, overview photos of the room and a reference for dating are important.
- How long should I keep recordings?
- Keep them at least three years while legal claims are possible; retain until disputes are resolved if needed.
- Must I show the landlord all photos immediately?
- You should report significant defects promptly, but you may keep private backups; formal sharing with proof of delivery is recommended.
How-To
- photo: Systematically photograph rooms at move-in from multiple angles.
- video: Film malfunctions or dripping sounds briefly and state the date.
- Documents: Fill out the handover protocol, obtain signatures and photograph it.
- Service proof: Send important notices by registered mail or bailiff and keep receipts.
Help and Support / Resources
- Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection - forms and info
- Laws online (BGB, ZPO)
- Federal Court of Justice (BGH) - decisions
