WBS and Cooperatives: Tenants in Germany
Many tenants in Germany look for affordable, accessible housing and encounter the WBS (housing entitlement certificate) and cooperatives. This article explains in plain language who is entitled to a WBS, how cooperatives work and how to find or apply for accessible apartments. We cover practical steps for the WBS application, typical rights regarding housing defects, guidance on rent reduction and how to proceed in cases of termination or eviction. You will also learn which official forms and courts are relevant, how to document evidence and when to seek support from the local court or social authorities. The text is aimed at tenants without legal background and offers clear, actionable tips for everyday life in Germany.
What are WBS and cooperatives?
The housing entitlement certificate (WBS) is a permit that allows eligible households access to subsidized housing. Rules and income limits are governed by the Housing Promotion Act (WoFG).[2] Housing cooperatives are communal housing providers that supply apartments primarily for members' long-term needs rather than profit. Both models can be especially relevant for tenants who need accessible, affordable housing.
Benefits and differences
- Check eligibility: Verify income limits and household size (eligible).
- Understand forms: Gather the WBS application and supporting documents (form).
- Compare costs: Cooperative share vs. deposit and rent (rent).
- Membership: Contact the cooperative (contact).
WBS application, forms and examples
You apply for the WBS at the responsible municipal authority. Typical documents include proof of income, the tenancy agreement and ID. Practical example: a single person with limited income submits the last three payslips and a registration certificate to apply for the WBS. Forms are usually titled "WBS application" or "Application for issuance of a housing entitlement certificate" and vary locally.
Rights for defects and accessibility adaptations
Landlords are obliged under the German Civil Code (BGB) to maintain the rented property in a contractual condition; relevant provisions are found in §§ 535–580a BGB.[1] For accessibility adaptations: minor changes can often be requested or agreed, larger structural alterations usually need consent and possibly funding applications.
- Report defects (repair): Send a precise defect notice with date and photos.
- Secure evidence (document): Collect photos, messages and logs of appointments.
- Observe deadlines (form): Set a reasonable deadline for the landlord to remedy the defect (form).
- Consider rent reduction (rent): Tenants may reduce rent for significant impairments.
If termination or eviction occurs
For terminations and eviction lawsuits the local district court (Amtsgericht) is responsible; procedural rules are in the Code of Civil Procedure (ZPO).[3] Respond promptly to service, check deadlines and seek legal or social advice if necessary. Early talks with the landlord or mediation by social services often help.
FAQ
- Who is entitled to a WBS?
- Households that meet the income limits and other local requirements are entitled; details are governed by the WoFG and local authorities.[2]
- Can I make accessibility modifications in a cooperative?
- Minor modifications usually require notification or consent; larger structural changes need the cooperative's or landlord's approval and possibly permits.
- Which court handles eviction lawsuits?
- Eviction lawsuits are filed with the competent district court (Amtsgericht); procedural rules are in the ZPO.[3]
How-To
- Collect documents (form): ID, proof of income and registration certificate for the WBS application.
- Submit application (deadline): File the application with the municipality and request confirmation of receipt.
- Document defects (document): Save photos, messages and appointment records securely.
- Seek help (court): Contact the local court or advisory services early for legal steps.
