WBS & Cooperatives for Tenants in Germany

Students in Germany often face particular challenges when searching for housing and social accommodation. This guide explains in plain language what a Wohnberechtigungsschein (WBS) is, how cooperatives work and what rights tenants have. You will learn step by step how to apply for a WBS, which documents are required and how cooperatives allocate housing. You will also find guidance on the tenancy agreement, rent increases, repairs and legal steps in case of disputes. Practical examples, deadlines and official forms help you assert your rights as a tenant and find suitable subsidised housing in your city. The aim is to make you more confident when making decisions about housing and tenancy law.

What is a WBS and how do cooperatives work?

The Wohnberechtigungsschein (WBS) is proof that you are entitled to a subsidised social flat. The requirements are regulated in state-level provisions and the Housing Promotion Act (WoFG).^[2] Cooperatives are associations that rent or allocate apartments; membership can provide advantages when searching for housing.

Key rights and laws

As a tenant, you are subject to basic duties and rights under the German Civil Code (BGB) §§ 535–580a, for example regarding maintenance and protection against eviction.^[1] In court disputes, the local court (Amtsgericht) and the Code of Civil Procedure (ZPO) have jurisdiction.^[3]

Which documents do you need for a WBS?

• Application form (application) fully completed
• ID card or passport as a document (document)
• Registration certificate and proof of income (document)
• Evidence of BAföG, scholarship or other payments (payment)

How do I apply for a WBS? (Short)

Typical procedure for the application:

1. Find out at your city or municipal administration which form is required.
2. Complete the application form and attach the required evidence.
3. Submit the application in person or send it in within the deadline.
4. If you have questions, contact the citizens' office or housing authority.
5. Receipt and processing: after review you will receive the WBS decision or a rejection with reasons.

FAQ

Who is eligible for a WBS?

People with low incomes, students with eligibility or special funding can apply for a WBS; exact income limits are set by the federal states.

Do I have to become a member of a cooperative to live there?

Often membership is required; it provides co-determination rights and more stable rents, but may require a one-time contribution.

What rights do I have if the apartment has defects?

You are entitled to repairs by the landlord, rent reduction for significant impairment and can set deadlines for remedying defects.

How-To

1. Check the WBS requirements of your state authority and download the official form.
2. Collect ID, registration certificate and proof of income.
3. Complete the application, sign it and attach all documents.
4. Submit the application in person or by post and note the date.
5. If you have problems, contact the responsible office or seek legal help at the local court.

Help and Support / Resources

• German Civil Code (BGB) – Gesetze im Internet
• Housing Promotion Act (WoFG) – Gesetze im Internet
• Code of Civil Procedure (ZPO) – Gesetze im Internet

1. [1] Gesetze im Internet: Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch (BGB) §§535–580a
2. [2] Gesetze im Internet: Wohnraumförderungsgesetz (WoFG)
3. [3] Gesetze im Internet: Zivilprozessordnung (ZPO)