Window and Door Seals: Tenants in Germany

As a tenant in Germany, it is important to check window and door seals for damage because missing seals can cause drafts, moisture, or higher heating costs. This practical guide explains which photos and evidence you should collect, how to notify the landlord of defects, and which rights, such as rent reduction or repair under the BGB, are available to you as a tenant. Step by step we show how to organize documentation, meet deadlines, and use official forms. The goal is that you respond calmly as a tenant, secure your claims and avoid unnecessary disputes. We also show how to date photos, draft written defect notices and which courts are responsible in case of dispute. Use the checklist and template texts to enforce your rights effectively.

What to check?

Check seals for cracks, deformation, missing material and visible mold. Also pay attention to drafts and condensation, as these signs indicate limited habitability of the apartment.

Photos and evidence

• Photo of the damaged seal up close, with a scale or hand to estimate size.
• Photo of the installation situation (window or door in the room context).
• Photo of visible consequences such as moisture, mold or detached seal pieces.
• Photo of heating thermostats or temperature documentation if heat loss is suspected.

Additionally, it is best to keep a short log with date, time, place and a brief description of the defect. Keep all messages to and replies from the landlord.

Template forms and deadlines

For written defect notices you can use templates, such as a written defect letter with a deadline for repair. The landlord is generally obliged to maintain the property under the BGB^[1]. Set a reasonable deadline (usually 2–4 weeks depending on urgency) and specifically request repair.

Rights and possible steps

As a tenant you can consider certain rights if repairs do not happen: rent reduction, compensation or self-remedy at the landlord's expense. The conditions and scope are governed by §§ 535–580a BGB^[1]. If shorter deadlines are necessary (e.g. for mold), document urgency and demand immediate measures.

When to involve the courts?

If the landlord does not react, you can consider filing a lawsuit at the competent local court; tenancy disputes are usually heard there^[2]. Before suing, collect all files, photos, logs and prior communications.

FAQ

Can I reduce the rent if the seal is missing?

Yes, a rent reduction is possible if the seal significantly impairs use; carefully document the defect and the period.

How do I correctly draft a defect notice?

Briefly state date, place, description of the defect, request repair and set a reasonable deadline for completion.

Who pays for repairs?

Generally the landlord, unless the defect was caused by tenant misuse; refer to the landlord's duty under the BGB.^[1]

How-To

1. Take photos: capture close-ups, context, consequential problems and record the date.
2. Create a log: short description, date, time and observation of defects.
3. Notify the landlord in writing: report defects, set a repair deadline and keep proof of sending.
4. Check rights: consider rent reduction or deadlines and get legal advice if needed.
5. If no response: collect documents and consider filing at the local court.^[2]

Key Takeaways

• Early documentation protects your rights as a tenant.
• Written defect notices with deadlines encourage prompt repairs.
• Seek legal advice when in doubt or before court action.

Help and Support

• Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch (BGB) – Gesetze im Internet
• Federal Ministry of Justice (BMJ) – templates and information
• Federal Court of Justice (BGH) – tenancy law decisions

1. [1] Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch (BGB) §§535–580a
2. [2] Competence of local courts (Amtsgericht) for tenancy law
3. [3] BMJ sample termination and template letters
4. [4] Federal Court of Justice (BGH) – case law